Clay Burell's Library tagged → View Popular
History of China: Table of Contents
A good alternative China text. A US govt history by a Chinese author, date of pub unknown to me.
Scientific Evidence Supporting Evolution Continues To Grow; Nonscientific Approaches Do Not Belong In Science Classrooms
free evolution download
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"Teaching creationist ideas in science class confuses students about what constitutes science and what does not," the committee stated.
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Copies of SCIENCE, EVOLUTION, AND CREATIONISM will be available from the National Academies Press; tel. 202-334-3313 or 1-800-624-6242, or on the Internet at
www.nap.edu/sec, for $12.95; a PDF version is FREE. Reporters may obtain a copy from the Office of News and Public Information (contact listed above). In addition, a podcast of the public briefing held to release this publication is available at http://national-academies.org/podcast. The NAS' evolution resources Web page, http://national-academies.org/evolution, allows easy access to books, position statements, and additional resources on evolution education and research.
Communicating in Business - Cambridge University Press
Highly recommended.
Annenberg Media - A Biography of America
Awesome 23-hour WGBH US History series, all free and online, from Learner.org. Throw away your textbook.
JoeWoodOnline » Projects
Joe's doing some cool stuff in the science classroom, including making a science textbook after seeing my Broken World for history. Nice.
Kinetic Books ® - Kinetic Textbooks - Digital Algebra and Physics Curriculum
via Bud Hunt / budtheteacher
World War I - Simple English Wikipedia
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"Simple English Wikipedia"--excellent resource for younger learners and non-native English-speaking readers.
- cburell on 2007-03-25
HSC Online: Vietnam history
- a good, concise online text of Vietnam's modern history - cburell on 2006-10-03
The National Archives Learning Curve
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excellent resource for history multimedia project
- cburell on 2007-02-14
Lecture 13: The French Revolution, The Radical Stage, 1792-1794
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With all this now behind us, what did the Revolution accomplish? First, the Revolution
weakened the political influence and leadership of the aristocracy. The aristocrats lost
their privileges based on birth because from this point on, privilege would now be based
on property and wealth. As the sans-culottes quickly realized, -
In
Robespierre's utopian vision, the individual has the duty "to detest bad faith and
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despotism, to punish tyrants and traitors, to assist the unfortunate and respect the weak,
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to defend the oppressed, to do all the good one can to one's neighbor, and to behave with
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justice towards all men." Robespierre was a disciple of
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Rousseau
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--both considered the
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general will an absolute necessity. For Robespierre, the realization of the general will
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would make the Republic of Virtue a reality. Its denial would mean a return to despotism.
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Robespierre knew that a
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REPUBLIC OF VIRTUE
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could
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not become a reality unless the threats of foreign and civil war were removed. To preserve
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the Republic, Robespierre and the CPS instituted the Reign of Terror.
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Counter-revolutionaries, the Girondins, priests, nobles, and aristocrats immediately fell
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under suspicion.
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Danton
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(1759-1794),
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a revolutionary who sought peace with Europe, was executed.
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The CPS also closed the numerous political clubs of the
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sans-culottes.
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The CPS
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feared spontaneous action, that is, that the revolutionary leadership might pass into
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other hands. About 17,000 people died as a result of the Terror. The choice instrument,
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was the
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guillotine
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-- it
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was quick and humane. In 1794, there were mass executions at Lyons. Boats were fired upon
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and sunk at Nantes -- 500 were killed in one execution. About 15,000 people perished
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officially and over 100,000 people were detained as suspects.
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Robespierre and the CPS resorted to the Terror but not because they were blood-thirsty
madmen. They did, however, wish to create a temporary dictatorship in order to save the
Republic (a Roman idea). By the summer of 1794, there seem to be less need for the Terror.
The Republic seemed a reality, an aristocratic conspiracy had subsided, the will to punish
traitors decreased, and most sans-culottes went home to tend to business. And, as
the need for the Terror decreased, so too did Robespierre's power and leadership. Some
members of the Convention, fearing for their own lives, ordered the arrest of Robespierre.
On July 27, 1794, (the NINTH of THERMIDOR) Robespierre was
arrested and guillotined the next day -- the sans-culottes
made no attempt to save him. With the 9th of Thermidor, the machinery of the Jacobin
republic was dismantled. Leadership passed to the property owning bourgeoisie, that is,
those men of the moderate stage of the Revolution (see Lecture
12). - 6 more annotations...
Lecture 12: The French Revolution - Moderate Stage, 1789-1792
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Beloved and loyal supporters, we require the assistance of our
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faithful subjects to overcome the difficulties in which we find ourselves
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concerning the current state of our finances, and to establish, as we so
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wish, a constant and invariable order in all branches of government that
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concern the happiness of our subjects and the prosperity of the realm.
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These great motives have induced us to summon the Assembly of the Estates
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of all Provinces obedient to us, as much to counsel and assist us in all
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things placed before it, as to inform us of the wishes an grievances of
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our people; so that, by means of the mutual confidence and reciprocal love
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between the sovereign and his subjects, an effective remedy may be brought
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as quickly as possible to the ills of the State, and abuses of all sorts
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may be averted and corrected by good and solid means which insure public
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happiness and restore to us in particular the calm and tranquility of
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which we have so long been deprived.
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Louis XVI's letter regarding the convocation of the Estates
General at Versailles (January 24, 1789) -
By 1792, the Revolution moved
in a more radical and violent direction. This radical direction was neither desired nor
anticipated by the men of 1789. Why the Revolution became radical is interesting and there
are basically two reasons why it did so. First, a counter-revolution, loyal to Church and
King, was led by the noble and the clergy and supported by staunch Catholic peasants.
Because this counter-revolution threatened the changes of the revolutionaries, the
revolutionaries had to resort to more drastic measures than hitherto imagined. Second, the
economic, social, and political discontent of the urban working classes also propelled the
Revolution in the direction of radicalism. These were the small shop-keepers, artisans and
wage earners. These were the sans-culottes (see Lecture
13), men who defined themselves not only by
their trade but also by the clothes they wore. They wore trousers or pants as opposed to
the knee-britches of their social superiors. The sans-culottes had played a role in
revolutionary events since 1789, but they had, as a class, received few gains. As one
historian has written:
The sans-culottes saw that a privilege of wealth was taking the
place of a privilege of birth. They foresaw that the bourgeoisie would succeed the fallen
aristocracy as the ruling class. - 15 more annotations...
Global Text Project (via wkis)
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- The goal is to create a free library of 1,000 electronic textbooks for students in the developing world
- The library will cover the range of topics typically encountered in the first two years of a university's undergraduate programs
- The global academic community and global corporations will be engaged in creating and sponsoring this library
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