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24 Mar 09

Pew Research Center: Generations Online in 2009

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Pew digital_natives internet

Contrary to the image of Generation Y as the "Net Generation," internet users in their twenties do not dominate every aspect of online life. Generation X is the most likely group to bank, shop and look for health information online. Boomers are just as likely as Generation Y to make travel reservations online. And even Silent Generation internet users are competitive when it comes to email (although teens might point out that this is proof that email is for old people).
The biggest increase in internet use since 2005 can be seen in the 70-75 year-old age group.
5 more annotations...
- Instant messaging, social networking, and blogging have gained ground as communications tools, but email remains the most popular online activity, particularly among older internet users. Fully 74% of internet users age 64 and older send and receive email, making email the most popular online activity for this age group. At the same time, email has lost some ground among teens; whereas 89% of teens said they used email in 2004, just 73% currently say they do.
- Internet users ages 12-32 are more likely than older users to read other people's blogs and to write their own; they are also considerably more likely than older generations to use social networking sites and to create profiles on those sites.
- By a large margin, teen internet users' favorite online activity is game playing
- Compared with teens and Generation Y, older generations use the internet less for socializing and entertainment and more as a tool for information searches, emailing, and buying products.
- The workplace online network is expanding to include more Generation Y users.⁵ Internet users 18-32 are going online more than ever to do research for their jobs. In 2007, 51% said they used the internet for their jobs other than for email, compared with 44% of the same group in 2005.

27 Jan 09

The End of Solitude / By WILLIAM DERESIEWICZ - ChronicleReview.com

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privacy solitude pratiques_informationnelles digital_natives reading

if the property that grounded the self, in Romanticism, was sincerity, and in modernism it was authenticity, then in postmodernism it is visibility.
the act of being alone has been understood as an essential dimension of religious experience, albeit one restricted to a self-selected few. Through the solitude of rare spirits, the collective renews its relationship with divinity.
23 more annotations...
- Communal experience is the human norm, but the solitary encounter with God is the egregious act that refreshes that norm.
- solitude was democratized by the Reformation and secularized by Romanticism.
- Don Quixote. The last figure alerts us to reading's essential role in this transformation, the printing press serving an analogous function in the 16th and subsequent centuries to that of television and the Internet in our own.
- Protestant solitude is still only figurative. Rousseau and Wordsworth made it physical.
- "sincerity": the belief that the self is validated by a congruity of public appearance and private essence, one that stabilizes its relationship with both itself and others.
- With exceptions, like Woolf, the modernists fought shy of friendship.
- Protestant self-examination becomes Freudian analysis, and the culture hero, once a prophet of God and then a poet of Nature, is now a novelist of self — a Dostoyevsky, a Joyce, a Proust.
- The child who grew up between the world wars as part of an extended family within a tight-knit urban community became the grandparent of a kid who sat alone in front of a big television, in a big house, on a big lot. We were lost in space.
- Under those circumstances, the Internet arrived as an incalculable blessing.
- The goal now, it seems, is simply to become known, to turn oneself into a sort of miniature celebrity. How many friends do I have on Facebook? How many people are reading my blog? How many Google hits does my name generate?
- Young people today seem to have no desire for solitude, have never heard of it, can't imagine why it would be worth having. In fact, their use of technology — or to be fair, our use of technology — seems to involve a constant effort to stave off the possibility of solitude, a continuous attempt, as we sit alone at our computers, to maintain the imaginative presence of others.
- The two emotions, loneliness and boredom, are closely allied. They are also both characteristically modern. The Oxford English Dictionary's earliest citations of either word, at least in the contemporary sense, date from the 19th century.
- But the great age of boredom, I believe, came in with television, precisely because television was designed to palliate that feeling. Boredom is not a necessary consequence of having nothing to do, it is only the negative experience of that state. Television, by obviating the need to learn how to make use of one's lack of occupation, precludes one from ever discovering how to enjoy it. In fact, it renders that condition fearsome, its prospect intolerable. You are terrified of being bored — so you turn on the television.
- The alternative to boredom is what Whitman called idleness: a passive receptivity to the world.
- the Internet is as powerful a machine for the production of loneliness as television is for the manufacture of boredom.
- If boredom is the great emotion of the TV generation, loneliness is the great emotion of the Web generation. We lost the ability to be still, our capacity for idleness. They have lost the ability to be alone, their capacity for solitude.
- And losing solitude, what have they lost? First, the propensity for introspection, that examination of the self that the Puritans, and the Romantics, and the modernists (and Socrates, for that matter) placed at the center of spiritual life — of wisdom, of conduct. Thoreau called it fishing "in the Walden Pond of [our] own natures," "bait[ing our] hooks with darkness." Lost, too, is the related propensity for sustained reading. The Internet brought text back into a televisual world, but it brought it back on terms dictated by that world — that is, by its remapping of our attention spans. Reading now means skipping and skimming; five minutes on the same Web page is considered an eternity. This is not reading as Marilynne Robinson described it: the encounter with a second self in the silence of mental solitude.
- But we no longer believe in the solitary mind.
- cognitive scientists tell us that "our decision-making is powerfully influenced by social context"; neuroscientists, that we have "permeable minds" that function in part through a process of "deep imitation"; psychologists, that "we are organized by our attachments"; sociologists, that our behavior is affected by "the power of social networks." The ultimate implication is that there is no mental space that is not social (contemporary social science dovetailing here with postmodern critical theory). One of the most striking things about the way young people relate to one another today is that they no longer seem to believe in the existence of Thoreau's "darkness."
- The MySpace page, with its shrieking typography and clamorous imagery, has replaced the journal and the letter as a way of creating and communicating one's sense of self. The suggestion is not only that such communication is to be made to the world at large rather than to oneself or one's intimates, or graphically rather than verbally, or performatively rather than narratively or analytically, but also that it can be made completely. Today's young people seem to feel that they can make themselves fully known to one another. They seem to lack a sense of their own depths, and of the value of keeping them hidden.
- The university was to be praised, Emerson believed, if only because it provided its charges with "a separate chamber and fire" — the physical space of solitude. Today, of course, universities do everything they can to keep their students from being alone, lest they perpetrate self-destructive acts, and also, perhaps, unfashionable thoughts. But no real excellence, personal or social, artistic, philosophical, scientific or moral, can arise without solitude. "The saint and poet seek privacy," Emerson said, "to ends the most public and universal."
- The last thing to say about solitude is that it isn't very polite.
- Friendship may be slipping from our grasp, but our friendliness is universal.

30 Nov 08

Influence de l’informatique sur les résultats scolaires - Informer autrement

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digital_natives school

L’étude porte sur 131 élèves de CM2, âgés en moyenne d’une dizaine d’années.

Pour tous les élèves, qu’ils soient habitués ou non à l’usage informatique, l’apprentissage est toujours meilleur à partir d’un document présenté sur support papier. Cependant, les élèves habitués à l’usage de l’outil informatique réussissent un meilleur apprentissage sur le long terme.

Les élèves habitués à l’usage de l’outil informatique comprennent plus vite et mieux ce qu’ils lisent. Leur vitesse de lecture est augmentée de 30 % en moyenne.

25 Oct 08

Les jeunes incapables de s’informer sur le net | Actualité de l’enseignement

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digital_natives

Les étudiants qui arrivent dans l’enseignement supérieur seraient incapables d’effectuer des recherches documentaires et informationnelles, y compris via Internet¹. C’est à cette conclusion pour le moins amusante mais préoccupante que sont arrivées l’ASBL Edudoc et le Conseil inter-universitaire francophone (CIUF). Amusante parce que les 1.865 jeunes qui ont répondu à l’enquête sont pourtant des habitués de Google, MSN ou Wikipédia. Mais malgré qu’ils baignent dans l’univers du Net depuis déjà quelques années, ils n’obtiennent qu’une note moyenne de 7,67 sur 20. Pire encore, 93% d’entre eux ne décrochent pas la “satis”.
L’étude révèle encore que les résultats des jeunes s’améliorent en fonction du niveau d’enseignement de la mère. Celui du père est moins influent. Les étudiants dont la mère est universitaire connaissent des lacunes moins sévères que ceux dont la mère n’est pas universitaire.

Les étudiants qui affichent les résultats les plus élevés? Les étudiants en littérature ou en sciences exactes. Les plus mauvais? Les futurs instituteurs et régents.

30 Sep 08

Your Brain on Google - ChronicleReview.com

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reading pratiques_informationnelles digital_natives chroniclereview

Now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages. I get fidgety, lose the thread, begin looking for something else to do."
Maryanne Wolf.

In her new book, Proust and the Squid: The Story and Science of the Reading Brain, she points out that reading is not an innate ability for humans but something we have to learn how to do, and there is no reason why different forms of literacy should not emerge as new technologies do. (BBC)

On Stupidity, Part 2 - Chronicle.com

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education digital_natives pratiques_informationnelles learning chronicle.com

Essentially I see students having difficulty following or making extended analytical arguments. In particular, they tend to use easily obtained, superficial, and unreliable online sources as a way of satisfying minimal requirements for citations rather than seeking more authoritative sources in the library and online. Without much evidence at their disposal, they tend to fall back on their feelings, which are personal and, they think, beyond questioning.

In that context, professors are seen as peevish bureaucrats from whom students need to extract high grades on the road to a career in which problems with writing and critical analysis will somehow not matter.
One of the purposes of teaching, as I see it, is to negotiate the differences, real and imagined, between generations. At the moment, that means meeting the "digital natives" where they are, but it also means expecting them to meet the "digital immigrants" — the people who were not raised in front of personal computers — where we are.
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- For example, I have continued to lecture in many of my courses, but I have gradually learned to make lectures more stimulating and interactive by weaving together multiple threads of analysis using images, video, audio, artifacts, and readings — and asking the students to perform those readings. The lectures are designed to make a sustained argument, but they also have multiple points of entry, so that students are not lost after a momentary lapse of attention. Added to that are intervals of rest — in which concentration can slacken for a few minutes, as concepts are considered and discussed — before the harder analysis is resumed.
- I know there are educators who strongly oppose the use of the lecture. "Chalk and talk," they call it, and insist upon group work. And I respect that view, particularly since it has nearly banished the dry, droning professor, reading from yellowed notes. But the taboo against lecturing sometimes impairs the freedom of teachers to experiment with a traditional method in a way that can both respond to the skills of the "digital natives" — such as interconnectivity and intuition — while training them in the use of evidence and rational argumentation.
- If digital technologies are a cause of "stupidity," it is because we have spent freely on computers — among other things — without also giving comparable support to college teachers. The students have been left to negotiate a cultural paradigm shift, comparable to the print and industrial revolutions, with inadequate support from the institutions created to help them.
  
  And that strikes me as unambiguously stupid.

13 Jul 08

Pioneering research shows ‘Google Generation’ is a myth

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digital_natives information_literacy UK google pratiques_informationnelles

A new study overturns the common assumption that the ‘Google
Generation' – youngsters born or brought up in the Internet age
– is the most web-literate. The first ever virtual longitudinal
study carried out by the CIBER research team at University College
London claims that, although young people demonstrate an apparent
ease and familiarity with computers, they rely heavily on search
engines, view rather than read and do not possess the critical and
analytical skills to assess the information that they find on the
web.
A new study overturns the common assumption that the ‘Google
Generation' – youngsters born or brought up in the Internet age
– is the most web-literate.
2 more annotations...
- research-behaviour traits that are commonly associated with
  younger users – impatience in search and navigation, and zero tolerance
  for any delay in satisfying their information needs – are now becoming
  the norm for all age-groups, from younger pupils and undergraduates
  through to professors.
- “We welcome the report findings, particularly on information and
  digital literacy skills. We focus on research skills, creativity,
  critical thinking and visual, verbal and information literacy, within
  our overall learning programme.”

11 Jul 08

Despite The Internet, Google Generation Lacks Analytical Skills -- Google Generation

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google information_literacy pratiques_informationnelles digital_natives

For one, information literacy has not improved with the widening access to technology. Instead, the speed of Web searching means little time is spent evaluating information for relevance, accuracy, or authority.

Young people also have difficulty in developing an effective search strategy. As a result, they have a strong preference for using natural language in searching, rather than analyzing which keywords might be more effective.
The study also dispelled some myths about the Google Generation. For one, researchers found no evidence that young people were more impatient in fulfilling their information needs than others. Research also found that young people do not place more credibility on the Internet and their peers as information sources, but place more value on teachers, relatives and textbooks.

10 Jul 08

Urfist Info: Digital natives et (in)-compétences informationnelles

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pratiques_informationnelles literacy students digital_natives

étonnés par les compétences techniques des
« digital natives » (pourtant loin d’être aussi développées), de
nombreux enseignants et responsables éducatifs (du secondaire comme du
supérieur) font encore l’impasse sur les compétences informationnelles,
persuadés que les élèves et les étudiants savent désormais chercher seuls
l’information, à partir du moment où ils interrogent le couple
Google-Wikipedia. Cette enquête est donc une nouvelle pierre dans le jardin de
ce que j’appelle « l’illusion spontanéiste », consistant à croire que
les étudiants seraient spontanément acculturés à Internet, à la recherche et à
l’évaluation de l’information, et qu’il n’y a donc aucun besoin de formation
documentaire systématique.
« Nous plaiderons pour le renforcement des
cours de recherche documentaire dans l’enseignement supérieur alors que nous ne
sommes pas sûrs, actuellement, qu’ils soient maintenus. Nous souhaitons la
généralisation des formations à la recherche documentaire dans l’enseignement
secondaire. »

Nuls ! archinuls ! « Le nombril de Belle Beille

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pratiques_informationnelles digital_natives information_literacy libraries

C’est peut-être du mauvais esprit, mais je pense qu’il y a une vertu à ne pas mélanger les genres et qu’il est bon parfois de confier à des sociologues et des spécialistes des sciences de l’éducation l’étude de notre terrain que ne sauraient privatiser les seuls bibliothécaires, à la fois juges et parties, afin d’éviter toute orientation, inconsciente bien sûr…
deux réponses possibles des politiques : je suis d’accord avec vous, mesdames et messieurs les bibliothécaires, renforçons les moyens OU ce que vous faites depuis des années est nul et sans effet, puisque même les doctorants formés par vos soins durant leur cursus sont nuls…

02 Apr 08

Dawn of the digital natives - is reading declining? | Technology | The Guardian

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digital_natives reading reading_2.0

if people are reading less, why haven't scores dropped more dramatically? The answer gets to the most significant sleight of hand of the NEA study: its studies are heavily biased towards words on a printed page
A recent study by the British Library of onscreen research activities found that "new forms of 'reading' are emerging as users 'power browse' ... "
4 more annotations...
- "Whatever the benefits of newer electronic media, they provide no measurable substitute for the intellectual and personal development initiated and sustained by frequent reading."
- The only reason the intellectual benefits are not measurable is that they haven't been measured yet. There have been almost no studies that have looked at the potential positive impact of electronic media.
- I challenge the NEA to track the economic status of obsessive novel readers and obsessive computer programmers over the next 10 years. Which group will have more professional success in this climate?
- internet users generally are better educated and more interested politically. And among young people under 30, use of the internet to learn about the campaign has a greater impact on knowledge than does level of education.