ashley 's Public Library

Josh Wink @ Movement/DEMF 2006

creative, smart, idealist, loner, attracted to sad things, disorganized,
avoidant, can be overwhelmed by unpleasant feelings, prone to quitting, prone to
feelings of loneliness, ambivalent of the rules, solitary, daydreams about
people to maintain a sense of closeness, focus on fantasies, acts without
planning, low self confidence, emotionally moody, can feel defective, prone to
lateness, likes esoteric things, wounded at the core, feels shame, frequently
losing things, prone to sadness, prone to dreaming about a rescuer, disorderly,
observer, easily distracted, does not like crowds, can act without thinking,
private, can feel uncomfortable around others, familiar with the darkside,
hermit, more likely to support marijuana legalization, can sabotage self, likes
the rain, sometimes can't control fearful thoughts, prone to crying, prone to
regret, attracted to the counter culture, can be submissive, prone to feeling
discouraged, frequently second guesses self, not punctual, not always prepared,
can feel victimized, prone to confusion, prone to irresponsibility, can be
pessimistic

Will there be another puzzle craze after sudoku?

Dr. de Waal does not accept the philosophers’ view that biologists cannot step
from “is” to “ought.” “I’m not sure how realistic the distinction is,” he said.
“Animals do have ‘oughts.’ If a juvenile is in a fight, the mother must get up
and defend her. Or in food sharing, animals do put pressure on each other, which
is the first kind of ‘ought’ situation.”

Dr. de Waal sees human morality as having grown out of primate sociality, but
with two extra levels of sophistication. People enforce their society’s moral
codes much more rigorously with rewards, punishments and reputation building.
They also apply a degree of judgment and reason, for which there are no
parallels in animals.

Other primates also have a sense of reciprocity and fairness. They remember who
did them favors and who did them wrong. Chimps are more likely to share food
with those who have groomed them. Capuchin monkeys show their displeasure if
given a smaller reward than a partner receives for performing the same task,
like a piece of cucumber instead of a grape.

Every species of ape and monkey has its own protocol for reconciliation after
fights, Dr. de Waal has found. If two males fail to make up, female chimpanzees
will often bring the rivals together, as if sensing that discord makes their
community worse off and more vulnerable to attack by neighbors. Or they will
head off a fight by taking stones out of the males’ hands.

Social living requires empathy, which is especially evident in chimpanzees, as
well as ways of bringing internal hostilities to an end.