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What’s obscene? Google could have an answer - IndianExpress.Com

Wed, 25 Jun 2008 12:17:51 -0000

Judges and jurors who must decide whether sexually explicit material is obscene are asked to use a local yardstick: does the material violate community standards?

That is often a tricky question because there is no simple, concrete way to gauge a community’s tastes and values.

The Internet may be changing that. In a novel approach, the defence in an obscenity trial in Florida plans to use publicly accessible Google search data to try to persuade jurors that their neighbours have broader interests than they might have thought. In the trial of a pornographic website operator, the defence plans to show that residents of Pensacola are more likely to use Google to search for terms like “orgy” than for “apple pie” or “watermelon”. The publicly accessible data is vague in that it does not specify how many people are searching for the terms, just their relative popularity over time. But the defence lawyer, Lawrence Walters, is arguing that the evidence is sufficient to demonstrate that interest in the sexual subjects exceeds that of more mainstream topics.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

udges and jurors who must decide whether sexually explicit material is obscene are asked to use a local yardstick: does the material violate community standards?

That is often a tricky question because there is no simple, concrete way to gauge a community’s tastes and values.

The Internet may be changing that. In a novel approach, the defence in an obscenity trial in Florida plans to use publicly accessible Google search data to try to persuade jurors that their neighbours have broader interests than they might have thought. In the trial of a pornographic website operator, the defence plans to show that residents of Pensacola are more likely to use Google to search for terms like “orgy” than for “apple pie” or “watermelon”. The publicly accessible data is vague in that it does not specify how many people are searching for the terms, just their relative popularity over time. But the defence lawyer, Lawrence Walters, is arguing that the evidence is sufficient to demonstrate that interest in the sexual subjects exceeds that of more mainstream topics.

It is not clear that the approach will succeed. The Florida state prosecutor in the case, which is scheduled for trial July 1, said the search data may not be relevant because the volume of Internet searches is not necessarily an indication of, or proxy for, a community’s values. But the tactic is another example of the value of data collected by Internet companies like Google, both from a commercial standpoint and as a window into the thoughts.

Tags: google internet search court cases

Posted by: gibreel

ISO puts standard for Microsoft's OOXML document formats on hold

Fri, 13 Jun 2008 09:20:31 -0000

In another setback to software giant Microsoft, it will have to wait for "several months" before the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) can take a final decision on whether its Office Open XML (OOXML) file format will be an international standard or not.

ISO, which was expected to take this decision shortly, had given participating countries two months' to appeal against its February decision to make OOXML an international standard. In response, four national standards body members — Brazil, India, South Africa and Venezuela — did so.

"…the appeals are currently being considered by the ISO secretary-general and the IEC general secretary who, within a period of 30 days (to the end of June), and following whatever consultations they judge appropriate, are required to submit the appeals, with their comments, to the ISO Technical Management Board and the IEC Standardisation Management Board," an ISO statement reads. The two management boards will then decide whether the appeals should be further processed or not. If they decide in favour of proceeding, the chairmen of the two boards are required to establish a conciliation panel, which will attempt to resolve the appeals. The process could take several months.

Tags: ISO technology IT internet OOXML

Posted by: gibreel

US Judge in obscenity trial has website with explicit photos

Fri, 13 Jun 2008 09:14:20 -0000

A closely watched obscenity trial in federal court here was suspended on Wednesday after the judge acknowledged maintaining his own publicly accessible website featuring sexually explicit photos.

Alex Kozinski — chief judge of the 9th US Circuit Court of Appeals — granted a 48-hour stay in the obscenity trial of a Hollywood adult filmmaker after the prosecutor requested time to explore “a potential conflict of interest concerning the court having a... sexually explicit website with similar material to what is on trial here”.

Kozinski acknowledged posting sexual content on his website. Among the images on the site were a photo of naked women on all fours painted to look like cows and a video of a half-dressed man cavorting with a sexually aroused farm animal. He defended some of the adult content as “funny” but conceded that other postings were inappropriate.

Kozinski, 57, said that he thought the site was for his private storage and that he was not aware the images could be seen by the public. He also said he had shared some material on the site with friends. He then blocked public access to the site.

Kozinski is one of the nation’s highest-ranking judges and has been mentioned as a possible candidate for the US Supreme Court. He was named chief judge of the 9th Circuit last year and is considered a judicial conservative on most issues. He was appointed to the federal bench by President Reagan in 1985.

After publication of an latimes.com article about his website on Wednesday, the judge offered another explanation for how the material might have been posted to the site. As controversy about the website spread, Kozinski was seeking to shift responsibility, at least in part, to his adult son, Yale.

Tags: internet obscenity judges freedom of speech kozinski

Posted by: gibreel

China, US lead in Net attack origination

Wed, 04 Jun 2008 10:35:34 -0000

India figured among the top 10 Internet attack traffic originating nations, while China and the US emerged as the largest sources of Internet attack traffic (including viruses, bots, worms or malicious codes) in the first quarter of 2008, according to a latest report by Akamai Technologies.

As much as 30 per cent of such traffic originated from the US and China.

“During the first quarter of 2008, Akamai observed attack traffic originating from 125 unique countries around the world.

The top 10 countries were the source of about three-quarter (75 per cent) of the attacks measured,” Akamai – which provides managed services for powering rich media, dynamic transactions and enterprise applications online – said.

China and the US accounted for 16.77 per cent and 14.33 per cent of the attack traffic, while Taiwan, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Turkey, and India, competed the top 10 list.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

As much as 30 per cent of such traffic originated from the US and China.

“During the first quarter of 2008, Akamai observed attack traffic originating from 125 unique countries around the world.

The top 10 countries were the source of about three-quarter (75 per cent) of the attacks measured,” Akamai – which provides managed services for powering rich media, dynamic transactions and enterprise applications online – said.

China and the US accounted for 16.77 per cent and 14.33 per cent of the attack traffic, while Taiwan, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Japan, South Korea, Turkey, and India, competed the top 10 list.

Tags: Internet attack virus trojans malware

Posted by: gibreel

Army to introduce biometric system in recruitment

Thu, 29 May 2008 09:00:04 -0000

The Indian Army is contemplating to introduce biometric system in the recruitment process shortly. The Army is toying with the idea to put an end to the problem of possible impersonation and malpractices in the recruitment process, said Ravi Varman, Deputy Director General (Recruiting) of the Chennai Recruitment Zone.

The biometric system would help in preventing impersonation during physical tests. Sometimes, it happened that physical tests were attended by persons other than the actual candidates. Such malpractices could be minimised with the proposed biometric system, he explained.

Tags: e-governance internet Army biometrics bodies-of-law

Posted by: gibreel

DoT removes cap on number of bandwidth resellers

Thu, 29 May 2008 08:58:38 -0000

In a move that would improve the availability of cheaper international bandwidth in the country, the Telecom Commission, the apex policy making body of the Department of Telecom, has given its approval for allowing unlimited number of bandwidth resellers in the country.

Bandwidth resellers are companies, which do not own any infrastructure, but buy capacity from large international long distance service providers like VSNL or AT&T and then resell it to consumers like business process outsourcing units. This could result in cheaper Internet services and international long distance calls.

The move will benefit larger consumers of bandwidth such as ITeS companies, BPOs and Internet service providers who will be able to buy bandwidth from the resellers at much lower costs.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Bandwidth resellers are companies, which do not own any infrastructure, but buy capacity from large international long distance service providers like VSNL or AT&T and then resell it to consumers like business process outsourcing units. This could result in cheaper Internet services and international long distance calls.

The move will benefit larger consumers of bandwidth such as ITeS companies, BPOs and Internet service providers who will be able to buy bandwidth from the resellers at much lower costs.

Tags: DoT TRAI telephony broadband internet

Posted by: gibreel

AP: NREGS software bags Stockholm Challenge Award

Sat, 24 May 2008 06:28:26 -0000

The software developed by Tata Consultancy Services in coordination with Rural Development Department for the implementation of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme has bagged International Stockholm Challenge Award for 2008.

It was presented to K. Raju, Principal Secretary, Rural Development, at a function in Stockholm on May 22, according to an official release here on Friday.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

It was presented to K. Raju, Principal Secretary, Rural Development, at a function in Stockholm on May 22, according to an official release here on Friday.

The software was developed two years ago soon after NREGS was launched in the State.

As many as 95 lakh individuals from 59 lakh families benefited from the scheme during the last two year

Tags: e-governance internet IT NREG-Scheme software

Posted by: gibreel

Financial Express : Bridging the digital divide - WSIS and the Digital Opportunity Index

Tue, 20 May 2008 05:36:25 -0000

It was decided to develop a composite ICT development index - Digital Opportunity Index (DOI) that can track the digital divide. The digital opportunity index is based on a common set of core indicators in three different clusters—Opportunity, Infrastructure and Utilisations. It has a modular structure and can be split into fix and mobile components. Under the opportunity head there are three indicators—viz percentage of population covered by mobile telephony, Internet access tariff as a percentage of per capita income and mobile cellular tariff as a percentage of per capita income. Under the infrastructure head are proportions of household with fixed telephone, proportion of household with a computer, proportion of household with Internet access at home, mobile cellular subscriber per hundred inhabitants and mobile Internet subscriber per hundred inhabitants. Similarly under the utilisation head, the indicators are: proportion of individuals that have used the Internet, ratio of fixed broadband subscribers to total Internet subscribers and the ratio of mobile broadband subscribers to total mobile subscribers.

The average DOI score worldwide as mentioned in the 2007 report is 0.40 up from 0.37 year earlier. The score ranges from 0.80 to 0.03. The highest DOI score has been earned by Republic of Korea, and the lowest score by Niger. India, with a DOI score of 0.31 has 124th position among 181 economies of the world. Naturally, the richer OECD countries cluster at the top end of the index.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Under the opportunity head there are three indicators—viz percentage of population covered by mobile telephony, Internet access tariff as a percentage of per capita income and mobile cellular tariff as a percentage of per capita income. Under the infrastructure head are proportions of household with fixed telephone, proportion of household with a computer, proportion of household with Internet access at home, mobile cellular subscriber per hundred inhabitants and mobile Internet subscriber per hundred inhabitants. Similarly under the utilisation head, the indicators are: proportion of individuals that have used the Internet, ratio of fixed broadband subscribers to total Internet subscribers and the ratio of mobile broadband subscribers to total mobile subscribers.

verage DOI score worldwide as mentioned in the 2007 report is 0.40 up from 0.37 year earlier. The score ranges from 0.80 to 0.03. The highest DOI score has been earned by Republic of Korea, and the lowest score by Niger. India, with a DOI score of 0.31 has 124th position among 181 economies of the world.

According to the report, the high-income group of countries comprises of about 55 nations, with 15.7% of global population and 80% of the world GDP. The upper middle-income group comprises of 39 countries with 9% of the global population with a 6.7% share of world GDP. Lower Middle Income group consisting of 54 countries with 38.3% world’s population and 10.1% of world GDP.

The low income group of 55 countries has 37% share of the world’s population and contributes only 3.2% to world GDP. It has been established by economists that a 10% penetration in mobile telephony gives rise to 1.5% growth in GDP of a country.

Tags: internet access WSIS DOI cyberpublics

Posted by: gibreel

Cyclone videos are underground hit in Myanmar - IndianExpress.Com

Mon, 19 May 2008 07:24:05 -0000

Mg Zaw, who runs a video disc stall along Anawratha Road in central Yangon, said he started hawking the storm videos just two days after Nargis struck. “People buy them because they are interested in seeing what happened out there,” he said, eyes warily scanning for police conducting checks.

The discs are packaged in slim plastic holders with paper covers featuring grainy montages of bloated corpses floating in flood waters, collapsed houses and injured people being helped by villagers. Some sellers display them openly; others produce them only on request.

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Hidden behind a stacek of pornographic video discs, Yangon street vendor Mg Zaw has even more sought-after contraband: footage of the destruction caused by Cyclone Nargis, which cut a deadly path through Myanmar’s heartland two weeks ago.

The discs are packaged in slim plastic holders with paper covers featuring grainy montages of bloated corpses floating in flood waters, collapsed houses and injured people being helped by villagers. Some sellers display them openly; others produce them only on request.

The videos show hand-held camera footage of bloated water buffalo carcasses, wooden boats parked outside roofless buildings and homes flattened by the storm, as well as groups of survivors squatting on roadsides with their few remaining possessions in baskets or bags. In one video, two stray dogs sniff the ground near the corpse of a young woman lying face-up on a coconut palm leaf.

The videos are being bought either out of curiosity or, some say, as a way of coping with the tragedy, which left about 78,000 people dead and another 55,000 missing.

Tags: disaster piracy cyberpublics IP internet

Posted by: gibreel

Illegal VoIP service on the rise

Sat, 17 May 2008 05:02:24 -0000

Illegal VoIP service on the rise

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

The arrest of a prime suspect, P.P. Abdul Nazar, 41, involved in diverting international calls through illegal Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service this week reveals that the unauthorised transmission of voice through the internet is only the tip of an iceberg.

Investigations by the Kozhikode Crime Branch-Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID) reveal that Nazar operated from his apartment at Nadakkavu, a perfume shop on Mavoor Road and buildings at Valiyangadi and on Link Road in the city.

Officials said that Nazar created a wide network of agents to canvass customers and beneficiaries to route international calls as local calls. He set up his illegal telephone exchange using sophisticated US instruments networked to an agency in Singapore to transmit calls received from foreign countries, mainly Gulf nations, to local numbers in the State

Crime Branch Superintendent of Police T.V. Kamalakshan said that Nazar utilised the service of private telephone operators and the internet to route international calls.

As per rules, all international calls should be routed through the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India. Several terrorist outfits might have used the illegal service since the calls remained undetected by the telecom authorities.

Tags: kerala VoIP internet telephony Telegraph-Act

Posted by: gibreel

Bharti joins new consortium to lay India-UK cable system

Sat, 17 May 2008 04:43:26 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Bharti Airtel has joined 15 other global telecommunication majors to build a new undersea cable connecting India to the UK.

The 15,000-km Europe India Gateway (EIG) cable system will cost more than $ 700 million and will connect 13 countries across three continents. The cable is expected to carry commercial traffic by second quarter 2010. This is the sixth undersea cable in which Bharti will be investing.

The new cable system will compliment Airtel’s existing high bandwidth cables and its recent investments in the I-ME-WE, Unity Cable system and Asia America Gateway cable systems. The company currently has two international landing stations in Chennai that connect its two existing submarine cable systems - i2i to Singapore and SEA-ME-WE-4 to Europe, and is building an additional cable landing station in Mumbai to land the SEA-ME-WE-4 cable.

Tags: airtel broadband cable internet international

Posted by: gibreel

Illegal ISD calls: culprit nabbed

Thu, 15 May 2008 02:57:41 -0000

Illegal ISD calls: culprit nabbed

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

The Kozhikode Crime Branch-Criminal Investigation Department (CB-CID) has arrested a kingpin involved in routing international calls through illegal Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service that allows the transmission of voice through the Internet.

Acting on a tip-off, a team of officers led by Crime Branch Superintendent of Police T.V.Kamalakshan nabbed Abdul Nazar, 41, hailing from Mankavu here on Tuesday evening. He was produced before the Judicial First Class Magistrate’s Court on Wednesday and remanded to judicial custody for 14 days.

Abdul Nazer used to run his unlawful business from buildings and apartments located Valiyangadi, Link Road, Nadakkavu and Mavoor Road. He was charged under Section 420 (cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property), 468 (forgery for purpose of cheating), 379 (theft) and 120-B (criminal conspiracy) of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Section 20 (establishing, maintaining or working unauthorised telegraph) of the Indian Telegraph Act and Section 3 (prohibition of possession of wireless telegraphy apparatus without licence) of the Indian Wireless Telegraphic Act. Six others involved in the case were arrested earlier. Three associates of Nazar were still at large. Further investigations were being carried out, Mr. Kamalakshan said.

Tags: VoIP Kozhikode ILD internet Telegraph-Act

Posted by: gibreel

Poll campaigns go online

Fri, 09 May 2008 05:44:07 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

The Janata Dal (S), for instance, has no website to begin with, though some of its members' speeches and tours have been posted on YouTube by the party followers. The Karnataka Pradesh Congress Committee's website too is dull, empty-bellied and seem abandoned as they have not updated the site.

The BJP's election (www.bjpkarnataka.org) site, on the other hand, is rather attractive. It has got ample campaign material — leader's profiles, their speeches, election manifesto and more.

The BJP's site www.vijayeekarnataka.com is completely dedicated to Yeddyurappa and has reams of information on him. It has all the glue to attract visitors — lots of YouTube videos and even a blog on him which is getting ready.

The blog will be up in a day or two. It will have comments from the general public, and Yeddyurappa himself will write his speeches and appeals. Sources say that some of the big names from IT, manufacturing and other sectors have also written for the blog which is expected to be populated shortly.

Meanwhile, one of the key points on BJP's election manifesto reads ‘IT kiosks in all villages', which seems to be in sync with the party's tech friendliness. www.vijayeekarnataka.com, which was launched on April 29, has seen 60,000 visitors.

Sanjay Sharma, MD of QuBitTechnologies, which maintains a discussion forum www.congress4india.com says: "The site has had steady traffic, which has spiked during Karnataka polls. Mostly of the visitors are young techies and a good 15 per cent are from the US, the UK and other countries. We have been getting a lot of Congress membership requests which we forward to the party. The forum helps party officials to know the public sentiments, both negative and positive."

Tags: internet politics youtube cyberpublics

Posted by: gibreel

Village Kiosks Bridge India's Digital Divide (washingtonpost.com)

Fri, 02 May 2008 11:10:28 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

ULAGUPITCHANPATTI, India -- Two years ago, after graduating from high school at the top of her class, Sukanya Sakkarai put aside her dreams of college and resigned herself to the fate of most young women in this farming village of trampled earth and mud-brick houses: marriage to a stranger in a match arranged by her parents.

Then the Information Age arrived on her doorstep. Life hasn't been the same for Sakkarai, or her village, since.

Tags: village internet cyberpublics information

Posted by: gibreel

The Hindu : Andhra Pradesh News : India's first Internet village Chiluvuru is one-year-old

Fri, 02 May 2008 11:08:00 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Today Chiluvuru is on the information technology map of India, thanks to the efforts of `Katragadda Charities' and the State Government.

Chiluvuru became the first `Rajiv Internet village' in India, when Chief Minister Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy inaugurated it on August 20, 2004.

Tags: village india rural internet cyberpublics

Posted by: gibreel

PC World - U.S. Warns Nigeria Over Net Fraud

Fri, 02 May 2008 09:27:14 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

Online schemes operating out of Nigeria that have defrauded victims of tens of millions of dollars have become so pervasive that the U.S. government has given the West African country until November to take steps to decrease such crimes or face sanctions.

The U.K. National Crime Intelligence Service has counted more than 78,000 letters linked to online schemes sent to London residents. The letters have defrauded residents there of more than £24 million ($37.2 million).

Tags: nigeria scams internet cyberpublics cyber-cafe

Posted by: gibreel

Nigerian e-mail scams. - By Brendan I. Koerner - Slate Magazine

Fri, 02 May 2008 09:15:40 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

At first, because of Nigeria's lackluster telecommunications infrastructure—household phones are a rarity, to say nothing of dial-up Internet access—only the old organized gangs could afford to participate. But in the past two to three years, cybercafes have sprung up all over Lagos and other major Nigerian cities.

For $1 per hour, a lone 419er can use a cybercafe terminal to send out duplicitous spam, eliminating the need for sizeable startup capital (even fake postage stamps cost something). Spam "bots," or automated programs, comb the Internet in search of e-mail addresses, replacing the need to spend hours upon hours thumbing through American or European phone books. E-mail accounts can be obtained for free via services like Hotmail or Yahoo!, and they're untraceable when registered with false information and used from a public terminal. Some 419ers with rudimentary HTML skills have even begun to set up fake Web pages to bolster their scams. A site for the fictitious "Dominion of Melchizedek" recently bilked thousands of Filipinos in a bogus-passport con.

The U.S. government is so rankled by 419 spam that it's given the Nigerian government an ultimatum: Do something about the problem by November or face economic sanctions. Although last year only 16 Americans claimed financial losses, totaling $345,000, that's probably a fraction of the full amount. Most victims are too embarrassed by their own stupidity to ever come forward.

he proliferation of cybercafes in Nigeria can be linked directly to the demand supplied by 419ers, who form the establishments' core cliente

Tags: nigeria internet cyber-cafe cyberpublics 419ers

Posted by: gibreel

Logged out: Cyber cafes aren't too hot | ApiAp

Fri, 02 May 2008 09:07:49 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

There are about 200,000 cyber cafés in the country with more than 80% owned by individuals. Say café owners in the city, “It is getting difficult to conduct business with impending cyber café regulations and escalating operating costs. An average private cyber café gets about 50-60 footfalls in a day while the likes of Reliance Web World have 125 footfalls per day per store.”

Says Dilip Chaitalia, a café owner in South Mumbai, “Our footfalls have gone down by nearly 50%, with overall business decreasing by as much as 25%.” Also the cost of technology is rising with the advent of faster printers, webcams and regular software upgrades, he adds.

Where we used to earn Rs 100 an hour a few years ago, the rate has gone down to Rs 10-15 an hour along with the usage time. And now with regulations stating there would be a need to maintain an electronic log book of customers and monitor activity in the café, our costs would increase even more driving down margins, he adds.

Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB International has revealed cyber cafe users have declined from 52% in ’03 to 39% in ’06. Increased home PC usage and higher broadband penetration is also affecting cyber cafe footfalls.

AC Nielsen, as many as 34% users now surf the internet from cybercafes, 30% from home, while internet users from offices have fallen to around 20%. Explaining the fall, Dr Subho Ray, President, IAMAI says that the rise in Web 2.0 applications like blogging and the growing e-commerce business have also contributed to an increasing number of users preferring the privacy of their homes over public access points.

Tags: cyber-cafe cyberpublics internet

Posted by: gibreel

Indian government forcing cybercafés to install keyloggers

Fri, 02 May 2008 08:58:41 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

terrorists look to hide their Internet activities by using cybercafés instead of their home computers.

"The police needs to install programs that will capture every key stroke at regular interval screen shots, which will be sent back to a server that will log all the data,"

his is the only way to patrol the net and this is how the police informer is going to look in the e-age."

tem (CARMS). CARMS will be able to provide monitoring of everything, from chats to file transfers and e-mails, even if they are encrypted. All cybercafés in Mumbai will need

Tags: internet cyber-cafe cyberpublics terrorism security

Posted by: gibreel

CIOL:He’s 17 single and a CEO!

Fri, 02 May 2008 08:56:15 -0000

Highlights and Sticky Notes:

NEW DELHI: Picture this, a seventeen-year old lad being a CEO of a 60-member team with projects in hand worth approximately Rs 2 crore and two offices in the US and one in UK. Handling the ancestral business- No, Suhas Gopinath formed Globals Inc.—a sweat funded organization on his own at the age of 14 from a cyber cafe. Though he wanted to be a vet, he holds no formal degree in IT and is just a class XII pass out.

"My class fellows used to make fun of me that I am a nerd and spent my time in a cyber cafe, but I knew I was chasing a big dream. An organization that will give chance to younger generations, which will not ask for years of work experience but the knowledge," he said.

It all happened in the year 2000, when Gopinath applied for a domain—CoolHindustan.com, which is a horizontal portal mainly focused on NRIs to get them updated with the latest happenings in India. Highly impressed with the way Gopinath has made the portal, Network Solutions certified him as the youngest web-developer of the world and the rest as they say is history.

"Network Solutions had given me a scholarship to study further in the US, but I saw future of my organization. Right now we are doing projects for various organizations and one of our biggest project will be for SingT Inc. We will be creating an e-Library for them for the medical books," said Gopinath. He had to wait for his 18th birthday on November 4, to sign this project, denied earlier due to his young age.

Tags: cyberpublics internet cyber-cafe business small

Posted by: gibreel