Kelita Gehres's Profile

Secondly, he adds visual techniques common to Hollywood movies: aerials to
establish an overall scene, zooms to focus attention, dissolves to show the
passage of time, and intercutting between images to compare and contrast. Then
comes animation, either supporting live-action footage or as standalone motion
graphics. Such techniques help the brain to order and compress information
quickly, which, in turn, hastens its transformation into knowledge, which then,
with the aid of common sense, creates understanding and the ability to make
decisions.

in the field of psychology empathy is defined in seventeen separate ways.

perspective taking

In the National Standards for history, empathy is defined as "the ability to
describe the past through the eyes and experiences of those who were there, as
revealed through their literature, art, artifacts, and the like, and to avoid
'present-mindedness,' judging the past solely in terms of the norms and values
of today

does not involve imagination, identification, or sympathy,
• involves
understanding people's actions in the past,
• involves a through appreciation
of historical context,
• demands multiple forms of evidence and
perspective,
• requires students to examine their own perspectives,
•
encourages well-grounded but tentative conclusions.<!--_noteRef_-->¹⁵

access authentic historical sources, engaging in critical examination of those
sources and understanding the nature of historical
conclusions,<!--_noteRef_-->¹⁷<!--_/noteRef_-->
• have a balance of imaginative
speculation and methodical investigation,<!--_noteRef_-->¹⁸<!--_/noteRef_-->
• relive the thoughts of past
individuals through the heuristic of contextualization,<!--_noteRef_-->¹⁹<!--_/noteRef_-->
• "examine,
appreciate, and understand the perspectives of people in the past and to render
them intelligible to contemporary minds,"<!--_noteRef_-->²⁰<!--_/noteRef_-->
• make reasoned evidential
reconstruction in addition to taking a position to reconstruct a set of beliefs,
values, goals, and attendant feelings that historical agents had,<!--_noteRef_-->²¹<!--_/noteRef_-->
• engage in sustained effort and
thoughtful strategy to suspend their present world views when examining the past
in order to avoid a presentist understanding of the past, i.e., understanding
the past events on their own terms without judging them through our contemporary
criteria.<!--_noteRef_-->²²

project their own thoughts and feelings into a particular historical
situation,
2) distinguish the historical period under study from their
own,
3) employ a variety of reference materials and contemporary sources
related to the topic they are studying,
4) present a particular person or
situation in a way that extends beyond the merely typical to encompass the
unique circumstances of the case,
5) make use of the two-sided narrative to
illustrate the role of inadequately empathic relationship between the historical
participants in giving rise to misunderstanding, conflict, or tragedy.<!--_noteRef_-->²³

For example, viewing a situation empathetically can lead to a calmer internal
state, which can influence the response of the teacher

This ability to read and identify emotions works together with self-management
and leads to the optimal timing of responses.

The observation skills required to make these quick daily decisions are part of
empathy.

is role playing

natural vehicle

Without a warming-up process, students in role playing situations often feel
subjected to an excessive degree of demand and inadequacy.

means a gradual build-up of sense-images, associations, physical connections,
and affects so that the complexity of a character can be brought to life

The idea of role is a powerful metaphor which suggests a familiar way of
thinking about the elusive and complex world of mind and social interaction:
Think in terms of the roles being played, as if in a drama, and then you can
analyze the different parts, the components of those parts, and the ways those
roles and sub-roles are defined. The role concept thus becomes an instrument of
analysis, and it's also a value-neutral "user-friendly" language which
circumvents the kinds of psychological jargon which many students find
confusing.

The next component of empathy is that of communicating one's awareness of the
other's situation so that the other person feels understood