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DC-AC
diagram - Image: Heurisko Ltd.

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Phase is a term used to describe alternating
current. Phase explains the timing of the electron
movements. Three-phase electricity is common
worldwide because it is a cheaper and easier
way to transmit electricity. Most homes only
use single-phase electricity, however.

What does Phase mean?

Phase is a term used to describe one feature
of alternating current. If wires are in phase
it means that timing of the electron movement,
back and forth, is the same. The electrons are
'in step' or 'in time' or 'in phase'.

To distribute
AC power it is more efficient to use three circuits
that are out of phase. This idea of three phase
power was discovered by Nikola Tesla (1856 -1943).
Much of its efficiency is because there is always
voltage (electrons moving) in at least one wire.

Why not 1, 2 or 4 phases?

The
international colour code for each phase of red, yellow and blue is
used in this diagram. Notice how within each phase (colour) the electrons
are moving back and forth but not in unison with the other phase (colour)
- Image: Heurisko Ltd.

Three-phase power (and its multiples) removes
the need for a neutral or 'return path'. This
is because joining the three phases together
results in no overall current flow.

Three-phase
power is an arrangement that fits in very nicely
with generator design. The 120° phase
separation allows close to the optimum spacing
and size of the copper conductors around the
stator bore. The 3-phase generator is the cheapest
form to make.

Multiple phase generators are made for specific
purposes, usually military, but they are expensive.

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