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Underfloor heating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia on 2009-11-24
- wet underfloor heating often proves more economical in the long run, particularly in well-insulated larger properties^{[citation needed]}. Energy savings of up to 40% can be achieved compared to conventional heating systems if a condensing boiler or solar thermal system is installed, but even with a standard boiler up to 15% energy savings are normal.^{[citation needed]} The efficiency of condensing boilers is enhanced thanks to water returning at a lower temperature.
- wet underfloor heating often proves more economical in the long run, particularly in well-insulated larger properties^{[citation needed]}. Energy savings of up to 40% can be achieved compared to conventional heating systems if a condensing boiler or solar thermal system is installed
Underfloor heating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia on 2009-11-24
- very low installation cost for smaller spaces (1-5 rooms) because they are easy to install and have a very low start-up cost
- Although electric floor heating systems work well as a primary heat source, most systems are installed in the bathroom to add comfort and warmth to cold tile.
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- - Another advantage of electric underfloor heating over a warm-water system is the floor build up/height. Floor build up can be as little as 1 mm.
  - Electric underfloor heating also benefits from faster installation times, with a typical installation only taking half day to a day depending on size to install. Also warm up times are generally a lot quicker than "wet" systems because the cables are installed directly below the finished flooring making it a direct acting heat source rather than a storage heater.
  - Sometimes, in order to minimize floor buildup, a bronze screen or a carbon film heating element is used. Carbon film systems are normally installed onto a thin insulation underlay (approx 6mm) to reduce thermal loss to the sub-floor. Carbon film is used under various floor finishes, traditionally laminate flooring or engineered wood.
  - In comparison to combustion/hydronic systems, electric systems can be more efficient, if only the efficiency of the equipment in the building is considered. However, as discussed in the article on electric heating, the efficiency of generating electricity from fossil fuels is low.
  - Electric systems also have the advantage of needing no maintenance and can more easily be controlled to run when and where they are needed. However, electric underfloor heating systems cannot provide cooling in summer.
FDT - Rhepanol® hg Product Overview on 2009-11-23
- Loose laying with vegetation as ballast
  Outstanding ecological profile; free from plasticizers, halogen fire proofing agents and heavy metals
  Highly resistant to perforation
  Flexible at temperatures as low as -60°C
  Hail-resistant according to SIA 280
  Permanently resistant to UV-radiation
  Compatible with all kinds of insulation materials and resistant to polystyrene
  No fire hazard from open flames
  Compatible for application with Rhepanol® fk and self-sealing edge
FDT - Rhepanol® fk Product Overview on 2009-11-23
- The only system currently available with a full ‘Life Cycle Assessment’ to ISO 14040 part ff proving this product has ‘no significant environmental impacts’ in all stages from raw materials to production to installation and ultimately to disposal at the end of use.
  
  Rhepanol® needs no hot works whatsoever during installation, can be installed directly over old bituminous roofs, can be mechanically fixed, bonded or ballasted.
  
  This system is labour saving and will achieve productivity even in inclement weather.
- The pre-fabricated self-sealing edge system is different from conventional adhesive bonding. Sealing of the seams is carried out by firmly joining homogenous materials.
  
  Immediately after the self-sealing edge has been pressed to the connecting membrane the seam is waterproof.
  
  Owing to the integrated self-sealing edge, seams can be sealed without open flame, hot air, solvent welding or additional adhesives, making application more efficient and almost independent of weather conditions.
Royal S - Parna zapora on 2009-11-23
- Prav tako se vgrajuje čim bližje topli strani.
London travel guide - Wikitravel on 2009-11-22
- Boats are operated by private companies and they have a separate ticketing system from the rest of London transport; however if you have a Travelcard you get a 33% discount on most boat tickets. Many boat operators offer their own one-day ticket - ask at the pier kiosks. Generally, tickets from one boat comapny are not valid on other operators' services.
- in which the majority of the museums have no entrance charges, thus allowing visitors to make multiple visits with ease.
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- - The 'green lungs' of London are the many parks, great and small, scattered throughout the city including St James Park and Hyde Park.
  - Buckingham Palace - The official London residence of the Queen, also in St James's. Open for tours during the summer months only, but a must-see sight even if you don't go in.
  - The London Eye. The world's third largest observation wheel, situated on the South Bank of the Thames with magnificent views over London.
  - Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road (tube: South Kensington), [67]. One of the first of its kind in the world. The museum houses many permanent and temporary exhibitions covering plants, animals and geology from the worlds natural history. Of interest to most would be the permanent dinosaur exhibition. Although many displays feel dated this is an excellent museum and is always, deservedly, crowded. Free.
  - Architectural Tours, ☎ +44 20 3006 7008, [72]. Open House Architecture Tours take place every Saturday morning and offer an opportunity to experience London’s built environment at first hand. The tour guides, all of whom are architects, architectural writers or architectural historians, have an in-depth knowledge of London, enabling them to provide an intelligent but accessible commentary to the tours. Four geographical areas are rotated on a weekly basis: The Square Mile, Edges of the City, Westminster and Docklands. Please note that a coach is used to get you to the key destinations, with some walking in-between
  - In Central London, the main shopping district is the West End (Bond Street, Covent Garden, Oxford Street and Regent Street). Visit Fortnum & Mason [81], "the Queen's grocery store." On Thursday many West End stores close late (7PM-8PM).
  - Regent Street (between Oxford Circus and Piccadilly Circus). Includes such gems as Hamleys, considered to be London's flagship toy store, on seven levels, and the London Apple Store.
  - Soho . Offers alternative music and clothes. Now home to Chappell of Bond Street [87]'s historic music shop.
  - Markets. Borough (tube: London Bridge) [89] is a great (if expensive) food market, offering fruit, veg, cheese, bread, meat, fish, and so on, much of it organic. It's open Th-Sa, and it's best to go in the morning, since it gets unpleasantly crowded by around 11AM. Spitalfields [90] is an excellent market for clothes from up-and-coming designers, records, housewares, food, and all things trendy. A
  - some takeaway fish and chips, or a fast food meal. There are also a number of mostly Chinese restaurants which serve an all you can eat buffet for around this price.
  - Prices inevitably become inflated at venues closest to major tourist attractions - beware the so-called tourist traps. The worst tourist trap food is, in the opinion of many Londoners, is served at the various steak houses (Angus Steak House, Aberdeen Steak House etc - there are all dotted around the West End). Londoners wouldn't dream of eating here - you shouldn't either! Notorious areas for inflated menu prices trading on travellers' gullibility and lack of knowledge are the streets around the British Museum, Leicester Square and Piccadilly Circus. Even the major fast food chains like KFC, McDonalds and Burger King all charge a premium in their West End outlets - so watch out.
  - In the suburbs, the cost of eating out is reduced drastically.
  - Expect to pay £3 for a pint of beer in an average pub. However many local pubs, especially those run by chains like Wetherspoons and Scream tend to be more reasonably priced, the latter catering for a student audience where you can find a sub-£3 pint.
  - Even busy night time Soho presents a particular danger; the "clip joint". The usual targets of these establishments are lone male tourists. Usually, an attractive woman will casually befriend the victim and recommend a local bar or even a club that has a "show". The establishment will be near-desolate, and even if the victim has only a drink or two, the bill will run to hundreds of pounds. If payment is not immediately provided, the bouncers will lock the "patrons" inside and take it by force, or take them to an ATM and stand over them while they extract the cash. If it appears you are being lured into a "clip joint", the easiest way out is to recommend a different bar to the new "friend" trying to get you into her "favourite local place" - and if she staunchly refuses, be very suspicious. Sometimes this con trick takes place when someone is lured into a private club with the promise of something perhaps more than a drink (e.g. a 'private show' for a small amount of money). A 'hostess fee' will appear on the bill for several hundred pounds, even though there has been nothing more than polite conversation.
PodSvojoStreho • Poglej temo - Vodo nepropusten beton on 2009-11-18
- Zahvaljujoč možnostim ,ki jih nudi moderna tehnologija in še zlasti zaradi ekonomskih in časovnih prednosti izvedbe "konstrukcij iz vodonepropustnega betona brez tesnilnih prevlek"se gradi čedalje več gr. objektov kjer je opuščeno tesnenje konstrukcij proti transportu vode in vlage s tesnilnimi prevlekami ( črna kad oz. črno tesneje).Namesto tega so začeli uporabljati konstrukcije iz vodonepropustnrga betona, ki jih zaradi barve betonske površine in vodonepropustnosti imenujemo "BELA KAD" oz. belo tesnenje.
  
  Pomembno je da se razlikuje, da je "bela kad" iz "vodonepropustnega betona" in ne vodotesnega!!
  
  Osnovna razlika med belo in črno kadjo je, da pri črni gr. konstrukcijo tesnimo s tesnilno prevleko, pri beli te prevleke ne potrebujemo.
- Potrebno se je zavedati, da vodonepropusten beton kot material še ne zagotavlja vodonepropustnosti konstrukcije v katero je vgraje , ampak je za to potrebnih še več tehničnih ukrepov.
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- - Razlika med vodonepropustnim in vodotesnim betonom:
    
    -Vodotesni material se smatra tisti material v katerega voda ne more prodreti.
    
    -Vodonepropusten material pa tisti v katerega voda pod pritiskom prodre le do določene globine in ga ne prebije , če je debelina zadostna!
  - Po DIN-u 1048 se smatra kot vopdonepropusten, kadar pri preiskavi z vodnim pritiskom 5 bar v času 72 ur globina prodiranja vode ne sme presegati več kot 5 cm oz. 3 cm v primeru kemično agresivnih okolij.
    
    Vodonepropusten beton se tretira kot beton s posebnimi lastnostmi. Po EC2 samo beton trdnosti vsaj C25/30 ali več. Nagnjenost betona k tvorbi razpok je odvisna pd nateznih napetosti zaradi obtežb in vsiljenosti ter od lastnosti samega betona. Vodonepropustni beton sme imeti V/C faktor v/c ≤0,60.
  - Stene iz armiranega betona naj bodo deb. 30cm ali več. Predvsem pa je pomembno izogibati se predebelih elementov, ki razvijejo visoko hidratacijsko toploto in s tem velike vsiljenosti, za kar pa je potrebno več armature, da omejimo širino razpok. Optimalne razmere je možno doseči z debelinami 30 do 50 cm. ( Palas v Portorožu)
Spletni portal za gradnjo - Talna izolacija- Gradimo.com on 2009-11-18
- Notranji tlak v odvisnosti od njegovega mesta v objektu (klet, pritličje, medetaža, podstrešje) najpogosteje sestavljajo naslednji sloji :
  
  hidroizolacija ali parna zapora (preprečujeta vstop vlagi ali pari v ostale sloje tlaka)
  toplotna izolacija (preprečuje izgubo toplote iz prostora skozi tla in s tem občutek, da so tla "hladna") - zvočna izolacija (preprečuje širjenje zvoka po tlakih iz enega prostora v druge)
  ob pravilni izbiri materialov, lahko sloj zvočne in toplotne izolacije združimo v enega
  zaščita toplotne in zvočne izolacije (ščiti pred vlago in mehanskimi poškodbami pri vgrajevanju naslednjih slojev tlakov)
  nosilni sloj tlakov, ki ga najpogosteje predstavljajo različni tipi estrihov (nosilni sloj zaključne talne obloge)
  izravnalni sloj (v primeru, da je nosilni sloj za izbrano talno blogo preveč neraven)
  zaključna talna obloga, ki se na nosilni sloj polaga prosto, točkovno pritrjuje ali lepi po celi površini
Naravni gradbeni materiali on 2009-11-18
- Naravni materiali za
  toplotne izolacije so večinoma rastlinskega izvora, po uporabi se reciklirajo
  ali o razgradijo. Surovine za naravne toplotno izolacijske material so lesna
  vlakna, celulozni kosmiči, pluta, slama, konoplja, lan, ovčja volna, kokosova
  vlakna in bombaž.
- ilovnati ometi v vseh prostorih in tudi pri urejanji podstrešij v
  bivalne prostore,
  
  -
  nanašanje ilovnatega ometa na stenske registre za talno ogrevanje
  
  -
  polnila iz granulata ilovice za lesene predalčne stene, estrihe, stropove (suha masa
  ilovice pomešana z lesenimi vlakni ali zdrobljeno opeko se koristi za zvočno
  zaščito (tla, stropovi),
  
  -
  uporab v kopalnicah (hitro sprejema vlago v vlažnih prostorih),
Helix Wind - FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions on 2009-11-18
- Most traditional VAWTs produce energy at only 50% of the efficiency of HAWTs in large part because of the additional drag that they have as their blades rotate into the wind. This can be overcome by using structures to funnel more and align the wind into the rotor (e.g. "stators") or the "vortex" effect of placing straight bladed VAWTs closely together. Modifications to the Helix design increases efficiency significantly, and Helix Wind turbines are only 6-7% less efficient that the most efficient HAWTs.
- Helix wind turbines currently come in two sizes, the S322 and the S594. The S322 stands about 10 feet tall and 4 feet in diameter (3.2m x 1.2m). The S594 stands about 20 feet tall and 4 feet in diameter (6.4m x 1.2m).
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- - The cost of buying and installing a small wind energy system typically ranges from about $4,000-7,000 per kilowatt for a grid-connected installation, less than half the cost of a similar solar electric system.