daniel okeefe's Profile

There was nothing inevitable about this decision to make
telephones "public" and "universal." Vail's system involved a profound
act of trust in the public. This decision was a political one, informed by
the basic values of the American republic. The situation might have been
very different; and in other countries, under other systems, it certainly
was.

"No, the electric telegraph is not a sound invention. It will always
be at the mercy of the slightest disruption, wild youths, drunkards, bums,
etc.... The electric telegraph meets those destructive elements with only a
few meters of wire over which supervision is impossible. A single man
could, without being seen, cut the telegraph wires leading to Paris, and in
twenty-four hours cut in ten different places the wires of the same line,
without being arrested. The visual telegraph, on the contrary, has its
towers, its high walls, its gates well-guarded from inside by strong armed
men. Yes, I declare, substitution of the electric telegraph for the visual
one is a dreadful measure, a truly idiotic act."

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The same is true today vis-a-vis more "immaterial" non-printed forms of content and their corresponding economies of information distribution and circulation, which are products and processes clearly linked to (and also divergent from) economies of book distribution