Seth Irving's List: Hot Science

• at least five percent boric oxide
• resistance to chemical corrosion
• Otto Schott

  • http://www.us.schott.com/english/index.html
  Add Sticky Note
• It also has a reduced rate of thermal expansion, which can make it useful for things like telescopes and other high precision lenses where the surface of the lens must be very even for a clear image to be obtained.

2 more annotations...

• The structure is composed of two types of anion: (BSi1O₆)⁵⁻ and (Si2O₄)⁴⁻ independently forming isolated layers arranged alternately along the c axis direction. These isolated layers are interconnected through rare earth ions Sm1, Sm2, Sm3 to form a three-dimensional network structure.

• This increase in sizes is probably due to the agglomeration of smaller particles occurring leading to the phase separation of crystallites from BBS matrix noticed in the earlier study.

  • Otherwise known as 'growing'.
  Add Sticky Note

• Latin argentum meaning 'silver'
• melting point of silver is 961.93°C, boiling point is 2212°C, specific gravity is 10.50 (20°C), with a valence of 1 or 2.
• Pure silver has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals.
• Although silver itself is not considered toxic, most of its salts are poisonous, due to the anions involved.

  • check out anions
  Add Sticky Note
• Silver is germicidal and may be used to kill many lower organisms without harm to higher organisms.

  • antibacterial
  Add Sticky Note

3 more annotations...

• liquidus to 1150°C

  • torch capable temps

• although there seem to have been no statistical studies that document the frequency and magnitudes of such variations.
• Note that some physicists do not accept plasma as a distinct fourth state of aggregation, while others propose more than four states. It has been suggested that glasses form a distinct state of aggregation, the vitreous state. This proposition has been generally ignored (see Gutzow and Schmelzer, 1995).
• Glass includes all materials which are structurally similar to a liquid. However, under ambient temperature they react to the impact of force with elastic deformation and therefore have to be considered as solids
• The designations 'amorphous' and 'noncrystalline' describe the same fact [...].
• quasicrystals
• As kinetically frozen forms of liquid, glasses are characterized by a complete lack of long-range crystalline order and are the most structurally disordered types of solid known.

4 more annotations...

• new type (reported in Nature, Nov.2000)

    
   
  • "icosahedral" quasicrystal with  broken symmetry (stable binary Cd_5.7Yb)
• Below there is a simulation for a Laue pattern (X-ray) from an icosahedral quasicrystal, whereby the x-ray beam is along one of the five-fold axes.
• -special cuts of the nD-supercrystal always give IMS

• golden ratio
   tau=1/2(1+SQRT(5))=1.618... (also golden mean). In the Fibonacci chain "tau" gives the ratio of lengths between the short and long segments. It also relates to the slope of the external space (VE) towards the higher dimensional-lattice, which has to be irrational in order to insure that the projection method and the section method produce quasiperiodic arrangements. 

    

2 more annotations...

• The amorphous structure of glassy Silica (SiO₂). No long range order is present, however there is local ordering with respect to the tetrahedral arrangement of Oxygen (O) atoms around the Silicon (Si) atoms.

  • can order be perm lost through evap temps? does this lead to inevitable stress reactions?
  Add Sticky Note

• Like all glass and some other types of naturally occurring rocks, obsidian breaks with a characteristic conchoidal fracture.

• coating the volcano's sides with flow after flow of basaltic lava