shelbie911 's List: Japanese

• SVO (subject, verb, object).
• The girl is the subject, eats is the verb, and the apple   is the object.
• SOV (subject, object, verb)
• Kore (this) is the subject, desu (is) is the   verb, and pen is the object.
• TTOPV - Topic/Time   Object Place Verb.
• Japanese doesn't use any   equivalent of a, an, or the.
• Inu wa koko ni iru
• no plural   form
• takusan (many/a lot) or samazama (various).
• Pronouns also   don't change form
• 'kanojo' and a particle   is used to determine which of the English equivalents
• Pronouns do usually   have a plural form.
• Particles always follow   the word or clause they modify
• -San is the   usual suffix placed after names
• -Sama is a   more honorific form of -san

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• general location
• koko
    soko
    asoko
    doko   here,   next to me
    there, next to you
    over there, away from us
    where
• oko
    soko
    asoko
    doko   here,   next to me
    there, next to you
    over there, away from us
    where
• Hon wa doko desu ka?  
   
   
    Where is the book?    Hon   wa koko desu.   The   book's here.      

  Enpitsu wa doko desu ka?  

       

  Where is the pencil?

         

  Enpitsu wa asoko desu.

       

  The pencil is over there.

        Watashi   no pen wa doko desu ka?   Where   is my pen.    Koko   desu.  It's   here.
• describe objects given their location
• Kono, sono, ano, and dono must be followed by a noun that they are describing.   They cannot stand alone.
• kono  
    sono
    ano
    dono    

  this ___ (next to me)
    that ___ (next to you)
    that ___ over there (away from us)
    which ___

• Kono inu wa watashi no desu.

       

   

   

  This dog is mine.  

         

  Ano hito wa dare desu ka?

       

  Who is that person over there?

         

  Sono enpitsu wa dare no desu   ka?

       

  Whose pencil is that?

        Dono   hon desu ka?  Which   book is it?
• If   the subject is already understood, one can simply say 'this', 'that,'   or 'that over there.' Kore is 'this', sore is 'that', and   are is 'that over there.' Dore is 'which' (of several things).

• Kore wa nan desu ka?

       

   

   

  What is this?

        Sore   wa hon desu.   That   is a book.    Are   wa nan desu ka?   What   is that over there?    Dore   desu ka?  Which   is it?

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• Nihon.    (Or Nippon
• Land of the Rising Sun
• origin of the sun
• Hito is the   noun 'person
• Ano   means 'that over there.'
• "Who is that person?"   you would say "Ano hito wa dare desu   ka?"
• otoko   no hito   for 'man.'
• onna no   hito for 'woman'
• suffixes -nin and   -jin
• suffix -go
• Japan
• Nihongo
• Nihon
• Nihonjin
• The   U.S. 
• Amerikajin  Eigo
• Amerika
• Australia        Oosutoraria
      Oosutorariajin                Eigo
• England         Igirisu  Igirisujin                       Eigo
• Korea,   S.  Kankoku  Kankokujin     Kankokugo

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• Wa   is a particle which marks the subject of a sentence
• Boku also   means I, but is used by males only
• anata,   but be careful not to use it unless   you're very familiar with someone as it is slightly personal
• Watashi   wa Hana desu.
    Watashi wa Smith desu.
    Hana desu.
    Smith desu.
    Watashi wa John desu.
    Boku wa John desu.  I   am Hana.
    I am Mr./Ms Smith.
    I am Hana.
    I am Mr./Ms Smith.
    I am John.
    I am John.
• Onamae wa nan desu ka
• Watashi no namae wa hana desu
• Namae   wa Hana desu
• no' in   this case is similar to the English " 's ".  It indicates   ownership
• Anata   no namae would be 'your name.'   
• Onamae wa nan desu ka?
    Watashi no namae wa Heather desu.
    Namae wa John desu.
    Inu no namae wa nan desu ka?
    Inu no namae wa Spike desu.
     
   
    What's your name?
    My name is Heather.
   
    My name is John.
    What is the dog's name?
   
    The dog's name is Spike.
• Dare desu ka
• Dare   no desu ka?" 
• Dare   desu ka?
    Dare no desu ka?   

    Who is it?
    Whose is it?

• Dare   no inu desu ka?
    Watashi no inu desu.
   
    Dare no neko desu ka?
    Watashi no desu.
   
    Dare no neko desu ka?
    Susan-san no neko desu.
   
    Anata no desu ka?
    Iie, Mike-san no desu.

     
   
   
    Whose dog is it?
    It's my dog.
   
    Whose cat is it?
    It's mine.
   
    Whose cat is it?
    It's Susan's cat.
   
    Is this yours?
    No, it's Mike's.

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• desu means "It   is", "Those are", or "I am." ____ desu.     It's ___. 
• Neko   desu. 
    Inu desu.
    John desu.   

  It's a cat.      or   Those are cats.
    It's a dog.   or   Those are dogs.
    I am John.
• Neko desu ka.             Is it a cat?
    Inu desu ka.          Is   it a dog?
    John-san desu ka.    Are you John?  Is it John?
• Note that the suffix 'san'   was added to the end of John when it became a question
• dewa arimasen  or janai desu

• Neko   dewa arimasen.     
    Neko janai desu.               
    Inu dewa arimasen.    
    Inu janai desu.              
    John-san janai desu.       

       

  It's not a cat.
    It's not a cat.
    It's not a dog.
    It's not a dog.
    I'm not John.
• Neko   desu ka?
    Hai, neko desu.
    Iie, neko dewa arimasen.  Is   it a cat?
    Yes, it is a cat.
    No, it's not a cat.
• Nan desu ka?   
    Inu desu.
   
    Nan desu ka?
    Neko desu.   

  
   
    What is it?
    It's a dog.
   
    What is it?
    It's a cat.

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• to be
• arimasu
• DO NOT use this verb with people or animals
• ringo ga arimasu
• "ga" goes right after the noun word used with the verb arimasu .
• particle
• koko ni kami ga san mai arimasu
• is placed to show a feeling like the word "at"
• particle "ni"
• kami" is paper.
• denwa wa doko ni arimasu ka
• Ringo wa arimasen.
• Note that in negative form "ga" changes to "wa".

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• How Many ikutsu
• 1 hitotsu
  2 futatsu
  3 mittsu
   4 yottsu
  5 itsutsu
  6 muttsu
  7 nanatsu
   8 yatsu
  9 kokonotsu
   10 tou
• How Many ikutsu
• suffix "nin"
• 1 person hitori
  2 people futari
  3 people sannin
   4 people yonin
  5 people gonin
  6 people rokunin
   7 people shichinin
   8 people hachinin
  9 people kunin
  10 people junin
  How many people nannin
• suffix "mai"
• 1 ichimai
   2 nimai
   3 sanmai
   4 yonmai
  5 gomai
  6 rokumai
   7 nanamai
  8 hachimai
   9 kyumai
   10 jumai
  How Many nanmai
• suffix "hon"
• 1 ippon
  2 nihon
  3 sanbon
  4 yohon
  5 gohon
  6 roppon
  7 nanahon
  8 happon
  9 kyuhon
  10 jyuppon
  How Many nanbon
• satsu
• 1 Book issatsu
  2 Books nisatsu
  3 Books sansatsu
  4 Books yonsatsu
  5 Books gosatsu
  6 Books rokusatsu
  7 Books nanasatsu
  8 Books hassatsu
  9 Books kyusatsu
  10 Books jissatsu
  How Many nansatsu

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• koko, soko, asoko, and doko
• oko, soko, asoko, and doko
• koko, soko, asoko, and doko
• ko, and
• koko, soko, asoko, and doko
• ko, and
• wa, no, ni, (w)o, ga, ka, and de
• kore, sore, are, dore
• Kore wa ringo desu
• Sore wa hon desu
• Are wa kuruma desu
• anata no hon wa dore desu ka
• Kore wa nan desu ka
• • jya arimasen or janai is more casual.
• watashi wa tarou dewa arimasen.
• watashi wa tarou dewa arimasen.
• sore wa ringo dewa arimasen
• watashi wa tarou dewa arimasen

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