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  • Biogas plants

    zorg-biogas.com/biogas-plants - Preview

    biogas on 2009-06-01 and saved by 2 people

      • Biogas plants




        Who can benefit from biogas plant?






        Agricultural companies:


        • Pig farms;
        • Cattle farms;
        • Poultry farms;
        • Crop production companies;
        • Combined type companies.
        • Distillery and bioethanol plants;
        • Brewery plants;
        • Sugar mill;
        • Meet processing factories;
        • Veterinarian and sanitation plants;
        • Starch and treacle plants;
        • Yeast plants;
        • Milk plants;
        • Bakery plants;
        • Chips and potato processing plants
        • Juice and tinned food producers;
        • Winery;
        • Fish processing plants.


        Greenhouse farms.



        Biodisel producers.



        Waste recycling enterprises.



        Municipal waste water treatment plants.



  • pannirbr's public notebook: Biodigester

  • Edições Diárias

    • É época da colheita da melancia no Tocantins. Os produtores que investiram no cultivo da fruta estão satisfeitos. A produtividade é boa e o preço também agrada.

      Logo na entrada da cidade já dá para perceber que estamos em plena safra da melancia. Os caminhões carregados esperam a hora de seguir viagem. O principal destino é São Paulo.

      Trinta e cinco mil toneladas de melancia devem sair da região nas próximas semanas. Em Formoso do Araguaia, há 327 quilômetros de Palmas, no Tocantins, a rotina e o cenário mudam nessa época do ano. Na barraca, Valter vende por dia até 300 melancias.

      Na lavoura, cada caminhão leva uma média de 1,4 mil frutos. O seu Nelson Dorce é um dos 11 produtores da região que investiram na cultura. Ele produz melancia há 27 anos no interior paulista e há 10 passou a investir nas lavouras de Formoso do Araguaia. No ano passado, por causa das pragas, teve um prejuízo de R$ 40 mil. Ainda assim, aumentou a área plantada de 80 para 150 hectares. Ele trabalha com três variedades e em todas tem alcançado produtividade acima de 30 toneladas por hectare.

      Este ano o clima ajudou e a infestação de pragas foi menor na lavoura. E para compensar os prejuízos do ano passado, o produtor ainda teve preços melhores pelo quilo da fruta.

      Para quem não sabe, existem várias maneiras de saborear a melancia. Que tal aprender uma geléia feita a partir da fruta?

      Ingredientes:

      2 medidas de melancia picada sem semente
      2 bananas picadas com casca
      2 medidas de suco de maracujá
      2 medidas de água
      2 medidas de açúcar

      Para preparar a geléia misture a melancia, a banana, o açúcar e a água. Bata tudo no liquidificador. Depois, já numa panela, leve ao fogo. Por último, acrescente o suco de maracujá. Mexa até engrossar. Depois de descansar na geladeira, está pronta a geléia de melancia.

  • Versão traduzida de

    • Fund investment more profitable bet in ecology

      O Luso Carbon Fund valorizou 16% este ano e investe no mercado das licenças de carbono. The Portuguese Carbon Fund appreciated 16% this year and invests in the market for carbon allowances.

      Marta Reis Marta Reis

      As preocupações com a poluição atmosférica e os limites instituídos no âmbito do Protocolo de Quioto 2008- -2012 ajudaram a impulsionar o mercado de licenças de emissões e de créditos de carbono. Concerns about air pollution and limits established under the Kyoto Protocol of 2008 - -2012 helped boost the market for emissions permits and carbon credits. Aproveitando essa dinâmica, o Banif Gestão de Activos criou o Luso Carbon Fund, um fundo fechado que investe em licenças de emissão e em créditos de carbono; e que lidera as rendibilidades entre os fundos nacionais. Taking this momentum, the Banif Assets Management created the Portuguese Carbon Fund, a closed fund that invests in emission allowances and carbon credits, and he leads the returns from national funds. Entre Janeiro e Julho deste ano, o fundo acumula uma valorização de 15,89%, de acordo com os últimos dados mensais da APFIPP, tendo terminado o mês com um valor líquido de 79,6 milhões de euros. Between January and July this year, the fund accumulates a recovery of 15.89%, according to the latest monthly data from APFIPP and ended the month with a net value of 79.6 million.

      Fundo investe em 21 projectos em quatro países Fund invests in 21 projects in four countries
      Em pouco menos de dois anos de actividade, o Luso Carbon Fund contratou já uma carteira de 21 projectos  de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e de Implementação Conjunta (IC), os quais permitem a realização de projectos em países em desenvolvimento e industrializados, libertando, respectivamente, reduções certificadas de emissões (CERs) e unidades de redução de emissões (ERUs), que podem ser negociadas. In just under two years of activity, the Portuguese Carbon Fund has already hired a portfolio of 21 projects for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), which allow the execution of projects in developing countries and industrialized, releasing, respectively, certified emission reductions (CERs) and of emission reduction units (ERUs), which can be negotiated. Actualmente, a  carteira do fundo inclui 7,24 milhões de reduções certificadas e de unidade de redução, asseguradas através de contratos de compra celebrados para projectos (MDL e IC) no Brasil, China, Tailândia e Rússia, em áreas como a utilização de biogás de águas residuais, a destruição de óxido nitroso ea valorização energética dos resíduos. Currently, the portfolio of the fund includes 7.24 million certified reductions and reduction unit, secured through contracts awarded for the purchase projects (CDM and JI) in Brazil, China, Thailand and Russia, in areas such as the use of biogas Waste water, the destruction of nitrous oxide and energy recovery of waste.

      Para além da celebração destes contratos para aquisição de créditos, a política de investimento do fundo passa ainda pela compra e venda de licenças de emissão de dióxido de carbono (CO2). Beyond the conclusion of contracts for the purchase of credits, the investment policy of the fund goes further by the purchase and venda of emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2).

      Outros fundos que também escapam à crise Other funds that also escaped crisis
      O fundo do Banif não é o único a dar dinheiro em tempos de crise. The bottom of Banif is not the only one to make money in times of crisis. O da Caixagest, que investe em matérias-primas, acumula também uma rendibilidade positiva de dois dígitos, de 10,02%. The Caixagest of which invests in raw materials, also accumulates a positive return of two digits of 10.02%. E tal como o Luso Carbon Fund, também aumentou a valorização de Junho para Julho, tendo vindo a beneficiar ao longo dos últimos tempos da subida das ?commodities?, as quais têm estado, no entanto, este mês, com quedas consecutivas. And just as the Portuguese Carbon Fund, has also increased the recovery of June to July, having been promoted over the recent rise of the 'commodity', which have been, however, this month, with consecutive falls.

      Em termos de rendibilidade média, os dados de Julho divulgados pela APFIPP mostram também que há quatro categorias com rendibilidade efectiva positiva desde o início do ano. In terms of average return, the data for July released by APFIPP also show that there are four categories with positive real return since the beginning of the year. Os fundos de obrigações taxa indexada internacionais ganham 1,02%, os fundos de obrigações taxa fixa euro valorizam uns ligeiros 0,07%, e os fundos de poupança reforma categoria A rendem 0,14%. The funds rate bonds indexed to win international 1.02%, funds of fixed rate bonds euro value some slight 0.07%, and funds from pension savings category A yield 0.14%. Já os fundos do mercado monetário euro e de tesouraria euro acumulam uma rendibilidade média de 1,63% e 0,99%, respectivamente. Already the euro money market funds and treasury euro accumulate an average return of 1.63% and 0.99% respectively. Nos fundos estrangeiros comercializados em Portugal, o que apresenta melhor rendibilidade este ano, de 11,72% é o Latin America Local Currency. In foreign funds marketed in Portugal, which gives better return this year of 11.72% is the Latin America Local Curren

  • pinatti workshop - Pesquisa Google

  • Gaseificação é aconversão da biomassa emcombustíveis gasosos pe...

    •  

      Gaseificação  é  a conversão da biomassa em combustíveis gasosos pelo aquecimentoem presença de ar, oxigênio ou vapor. Ao contrário dacombustão, em que a oxidação é emuma etapa, a gaseificação converte, em dois estágios, aenergia química intrínseca do carbono presente na biomassa em combustíveisgasosos. Os gases produzidos  têm o usomais fácil e mais  versátil  do que  a  biomassa original  (usualmente madeira  e carvão),  isto  é, podem  ser queimados para produzircalor e vapor, em turbinas a gás para produzir eletricidade, ou como   34 matéria-prima  para a  obtenção  de combustíveis  líquidos  (como por  exemplo,  metanol)  (MCKENDRY, 2002c).

        A gaseificação éuma  forma de pirólise,  realizada em altas  temperaturas, tipicamente

      na  faixa de800-900ºC, para otimizar a produção de gás. O gás  resultante é uma mistura de

      monóxido de carbono (9 a 21%), hidrogênio (6 a 19%) e metano(3 a 7%), juntamente com o dióxido de carbono e vapor d?água (DEMIRBAS, 2001;MCKENDRY, 2002b).

        As reações queocorrem em um gaseificador podem ser resumidas com

  • Google

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    Biogas on 2009-05-10 and saved by 60 people

  • caldeira TBE - Pesquisa Google

  • ..:: SCAInt

    • Convênios Internacionais

  • ..:: SCAInt


    • Agenda       

       Réunion Technique ESALQ/USP

  • dissertações

    • FF/UFMG. CETEC. EE/UFMG. 084. 30/12/79. Marcelo Antônio Veloso ...... Energia e Alimentos em um Sistema Integrado de Microdestilaria, Fazenda e Biodigestor? ...

  • biogas organic fertilzer - Pesquisa Google

  • Biogas for Better Life

    • Biogas for Better Life: An African Initiative

  • Wood gas Wood gas ...

      •  

        Wood gas

        Wood gas

        Wood gasifier on a Ford truck converted to a tractor (an EPA tractor).

        Wood gasifier on a Ford truck converted to a tractor (an EPA tractor).

         

        Energy Portal

        Wood gas, also known as holzgas, air gas or blue gas, is the product of thermal gasification of biomass or other carbon containing materials such as coal in a gasifier or wood gas generator. It is the result of a high temperature reaction (>700 °C), where carbon reacts with steam or a limited amount of air or oxygen producing carbon monoxide (CO), molecular hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Image File history File linksMetadata Wood_gasifier_on_epa_tractor. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Wood_gasifier_on_epa_tractor. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... For the water carbonator, see Gasogene. ... Switchgrass, a hardy plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ... Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...

         


        In several gasifiers the actual gasification process is preceded by pyrolysis, where the biomass or coal turns into char releasing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) rich tar and methane (CH4). Other gasifiers are fed with previously pyrolysed char. Wood gas is flammable because of the carbon monoxide, hydrogen and methane content. Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ... An illustration of typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - NASA Crystal structure of a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene reported by Müllen and cooworkers in Chem. ... Tar is a viscous black liquid derived from the destructive distillation of organic matter. Usage

        Wood gas can be used to power cars with ordinary internal combustion engines if a wood gasifier is attached. This was quite popular during World War II in several European countries because the armies active in the war did not always have access to oil. In more recent times, wood gas has been suggested as a clean and efficient method to heat and cook in developing countries, or even to produce electricity when combined with a gas turbine or internal combustion engine. Compared to the WWII technology, gasifiers have become less dependent on constant attention due to the use of sophisticated electronic control systems, but it remains difficult to get clean gas from them. Purification of the gas and feeding it into the natural gas pipelines is one variant to link it to existing refuelling infrastructure, liquification by the Fischer-Tropsch process is the other possibility. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅ?jÅ? Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... // The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. ...

         

        Production

        Fluidized Bed Gasifier in Güssing Burgenland Austria operated on wood chips

         

        Fluidized Bed Gasifier in Güssing Burgenland Austria operated on wood chips

        A wood gasifier takes wood chips, sawdust, charcoal, coal, rubber or similar materials as fuel and burns these incompletely in a fire box, producing solid ashes and soot (which have to be removed periodically from the gasifier and constantly from the gas) and wood gas. The wood gas can then be filtered for tars and soot/ash particles, cooled and directed to e.g. an internal combustion engine, gas turbine, Stirling engine or fuel cell to produce electricity. Most of these devices have severe requirements to the purity of the wood gas, so the gas often has to pass through extensive gas cleaning in order to remove or convert (i.e. to "crack") tars and particles. If you plan to run wood gas in an internal combustion engine, get to know your local cylinder head repair shops. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x761, 106 KB) Holzvergaser Güssung 2006 eigene Aufnahme File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Wood gas Güssing Fischer-Tropsch process Cellulosic ethanol ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (800x761, 106 KB) Holzvergaser Güssung 2006 eigene Aufnahme File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Wood gas Güssing Fischer-Tropsch process Cellulosic ethanol ... Güssing ( in Hungarian Németújvár ) is a town in Burgenland, Austria The lords of Güssing (in Hungarian: Köszeg, in Slovak: Kysak) were a noble family in the frontier region of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. ... Burgenland (Hungarian Várvidék, Å?rvidék or FelsÅ?Å?rvidék, Croatian GradiÅ¡Ä?e, Slovenian GradiÅ¡Ä?ansko) is the easternmost state or Land of Austria. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This machine has a single-stage centrifugal compressor and turbine, a recuperator, and foil bearings. ... Cut away diagram of a Rhombic Drive Beta Stirling Engine Design Pink - Hot cylinder wall, Dark grey - Cold cylinder wall (with coolant inlet and outlet pipes in Yellow), Dark Green - Thermal insulation separating the two cylinder ends, Light Green - Displacer piston, Dark Blue - Power piston, Light Blue - Flywheels, Not Shown... A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...


        The heat of combustion of producer gas is rather low compared to other fuels. Taylor         [1] reports that ?producer gas? has a lower heating value of 5.7 MJ/kg versus 55.9 MJ/kg for natural gas and 44.1 MJ/kg for gasoline. Presumably, these values can vary somewhat from sample to sample. The same source reports the following chemical composition by volume which most likely is also variable: Heating value (or calorific value) is used to define the amount of heat released during the combustion of a fuel or food. ...

        A Charcoal Gas Producer at an alternative festival Nambassa 1981.

        A Charcoal Gas Producer at an alternative festival Nambassa 1981.

  • Further reading - New Scientist


    • This article is reproduced with the permission of New Scientist for exclusive use by Nova users.

      Green foundations
      13 July 2002
      From New Scientist Print Edition.
      Fred Pearce

      Enlarge
      Concrete chemistry

      There is a way to make our city streets as green as the Amazon rainforest. Almost every aspect of the built environment, from bridges to factories to tower blocks, and from roads to sea walls, could be turned into struc


    • This article is reproduced with the permission of New Scientist for exclusive use by Nova users.

      Green foundations
      13 July 2002
      From New Scientist Print Edition.
      Fred Pearce

      Enlarge
      Concrete chemistry

      There is a way to make our city streets as green as the Amazon rainforest. Almost every aspect of the built environment, from bridges to factories to tower blocks, and from roads to sea walls, could be turned into structures that soak up carbon dioxide- the main greenhouse gas behind global warming. All we need to do is change the way we make cement.

      John Harrison, a technologist from Hobart, Tasmania, reckons his alternative cement, based on magnesium carbonate rather than calcium carbonate, could reduce climate change without sacrificing modern living. It's a

  • Summary, WAU dissertation no. 2516

    • iological treatment is an indispensable instrument for water management of non-wood pulp mills, either as internal measure to enable progressive closure of water cycles, or as end of pipe treatment. In this thesis, the sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) pulping wastewaters is described, with a focus on the treatability of thermomechanical pulping (TMP) effluents and soda pulping black liquors. The research was performed within the framework of the Dutch Hemp Programme, which aimed to develop environmentally safe and economically feasible pulping processes as a measure to explore non-food markets for arable farming.

      Pulp and paper industry wastewaters are highly heterogeneous, depending on the feedstock and the pulping processes utilized. Hemp TMP wastewaters were found to be non-toxic to methanogens and highly suitable for sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment, which enabled 63-66% COD removal at loading rates up to 27 g COD/lUASBdotd. Hemp black liquors on the other hand, were somewhat

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