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Mary Starry's List: Immunization
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- 4,093 (29.4%) specimens tested by U.S. World Health Organization (WHO) and National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) collaborating laboratories and reported to CDC/Influenza Division were positive for influenza.
- All subtyped influenza A viruses being reported to CDC were 2009 influenza A (H1N1) viruses.
- The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P&I) was above the epidemic threshold.
- Eleven influenza-associated pediatric deaths were reported. Ten of these deaths were associated with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection and one was associated with an influenza A virus, for which subtype is undetermined.
- The proportion of outpatient visits for influenza-like illness (ILI) was above the national baseline. All 10 regions reported ILI above region-specific baseline levels.
- Forty-one states reported geographically widespread influenza activity, Guam and eight states reported regional influenza activity, one state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported local influenza activity, and the U.S. Virgin Islands did not report.
During week 40 (October 4-10, 2009), influenza activity increased in the U.S.
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- Children previously vaccinated with MCV4 or MPVS4 at ages 2 through 6 years who remain at an increased risk for meningococcal disease (including some international travelers, explained below) should receive an additional dose of MCV4 three years after their previous meningococcal vaccine and every five years thereafter, if at continued risk.
- Persons who were previously vaccinated with MCV4 or MPVS4 at ages 7 through 55 years and who are at risk for meningococcal disease should receive an additional dose of MCV4 five years after their previous dose and every five years thereafter, if at continued risk.
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The sudden death of a 14-year-old British girl shortly after she received Cervarix, a vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV) to prevent cervical cancer, hit headlines worldwide yesterday. Today, however, the death is being reported as unlikely to have been related to the vaccine. The next day, a postmortem revealed that the girl had a large tumor in her chest cavity.
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he Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine, (MCV4) (Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pennsylvania) for all persons aged 11--18 years and for persons aged 2--55 years at increased risk for meningococcal disease (1--3). MCV4 is licensed as a single dose. Because of the high risk for meningococcal disease among certain groups and limited data on duration of protection, at its June 2009 meeting ACIP recommended that persons previously vaccinated with either MCV4 or MPSV4 (Menomune, Sanofi Pasteur) who are at prolonged increased risk for meningococcal disease should be revaccinated with MCV4
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Preliminary analysis of blood samples from a small group of trial participants shows that a single 15-microgram dose of a non-adjuvanted 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine – the same dose that is in the seasonal flu vaccine – generates an immune response that is expected to be protective against 2009 H1N1 influenza virus in the majority of 10- to 17- year-olds eight to 10 days following vaccination. These results are similar to those recently reported in clinical trials of healthy adults. Younger children generally had a less robust early response to the vaccine.
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What this means is that children under age 10 years should receive two doses of the H1N1 vaccine administered about three weeks apart, and children 10 years and up will require just one dose, Fauci said.
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The first 3.4 million doses of swine flu vaccine -- all the nasal spray vaccine -- will ship in early October, the CDC said today.
In addition, some flu shots may be ready to ship by then, too, Jay Butler, MD, chief of the CDC's H1N1 Vaccine Task Force, said at a news conference.
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A 17 year old British immigrant to the United States has been denied citizenship over her refusal to take the controversial HPV vaccine Gardasil, which is required of all female immigrants to the US.
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One in three teenage girls have rolled up their sleeves for a vaccine against cervical cancer, but vaccination rates vary dramatically between states, according to a federal report released Thursday.
The highest rates were in Rhode Island, New Hampshire and Massachusetts, where more than half of girls ages 13 through 17 got at least one dose of the three-shot vaccination. The lowest rates were in Mississippi, Georgia and South Carolina, where fewer than 20 percent got at least one shot.
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed Hiberix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium), a Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine composed of H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate [PRP]) conjugated to inactivated tetanus toxoid (PRP-T). Hiberix is licensed for use as the booster (final) dose of the Hib vaccine series for children aged 15 months through 4 years (before the 5th birthday) who have received previously the primary series of Hib vaccination (consisting of 2 or 3 doses, depending on the formulation)
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Swine flu that can resist treatment with Roche Holding AG’s Tamiflu is also harder to spread to other people, according to World Health Organization officials.
Almost two dozen people have developed swine flu infections that don’t respond to Tamiflu, a mainstay of therapy for the outbreak that began in April. The genetic mutation that helps the virus evade the drug also thwarts its transmission, so the infection isn’t passed on to other patients, said David Mercer, acting head of the communicable diseases unit of the WHO’s European region.
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Sep 16, 09
The Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved vaccines designed to protect against the H1N1 influenza virus, a key step before starting a vaccination campaign.
The approval was announced by Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius at a hearing that was held by the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
An FDA spokeswoman said the agency approved vaccines made by a unit of Sanofi-Aventis SA, Novartis AG, CSL Ltd. and AstraZeneca PLC's MedImmune unit.-
The Food and Drug Administration on Tuesday approved vaccines designed to protect against the H1N1 influenza virus, a key step before starting a vaccination campaign.
The approval was announced by Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius at a hearing that was held by the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
An FDA spokeswoman said the agency approved vaccines made by a unit of Sanofi-Aventis SA, Novartis AG, CSL Ltd. and AstraZeneca PLC's MedImmune unit.
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To provide updated guidance on the use of antiviral agents for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza including 2009 H1N1 influenza infection and seasonal influenza, and assist clinicians in prioritizing use of antiviral medications for treatment or chemoprophylaxis for patients at higher risk for influenza-related complications. Additional revisions to these recommendations should be expected as the epidemiology and clinical presentation of 2009 H1N1 influenza is better understood. This guidance can be adapted according to local epidemiologic data, antiviral susceptibility patterns, and antiviral supply considerations. Clinical judgment is always an important part of treatment decisions.
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The first clinical trial of a 2009 influenza A (H1N1) candidate vaccine for pregnant women will launch this week, according to the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).
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A recently developed pneumonia vaccine may be more effective in preventing infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than the vaccine that is typically used, new research suggests.
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In documents posted online, the FDA said Cervarix — Glaxo's vaccine against human papilloma virus or HPV — successfully blocked the two most cancerous strains of the virus nearly 93 percent of the time.
The main study of the vaccine enrolled more than 18,000 women who either received Cervarix or a sham treatment. The FDA said the vaccine appears to fight the HPV virus for more than six years, based on company data. Side effects were minor, such as pain and swelling at the injection site.
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Swiss pharmaceutical giant Roche Holding AG said Monday that it has had reports of 13 cases of pandemic swine flu becoming resistant to Tamiflu, which it calls a very low percentage.
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The ASHP Research and Education Foundation offers these resources to support pandemic influenza and all hazards emergency preparedness planning efforts in departments of pharmacy and to foster pharmacist involvement in emergency preparedness at the institutional and community levels.
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