The Western Allies (France, Britain, and the US) united their three zones of occupation. Stalin retaliated by establishing the Berlin Blockade essentially cutting off all highway and railway acces to Berlin from the west. Truman stood up and ordered an airlift to supply West Berlin.
Mirna Abifaker's List: Berlin Blockade
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Feb 22, 12
The Cold War was a tumultuous struggle between communism and democracy; although not resulting in a large outbreak of another world war, various local bloody wars took place instead. It was a war of worldviews and opinion, influenced by the two superpowers that faced each other head to head, the Soviet Union and the United States. The blockade of Berlin by Stalin transpired as the first serious crisis of the Cold War, possessing several results that still effect history to this day. The Berlin Blockade serves as a perfect example as to what could have been; in a world on the brink of a nuclear war, any action could occur which would result in something larger. The blockade might be viewed as the “official” beginning of the Cold War to many, as it initiated various vital consequences, some befalling immediately and others over time.
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Feb 21, 12
- Occurred during the time of the Cold War
- USSR had West Berlin and the US, GB and France had East Berlin
- Tensions were building over what to do with Germany
- USSR (Stalin) blockaded West Berlin to "starve" Western Allies out
- People of West Berlin faced starvation
- The West stood up and Berlin Airlift took place
- Supplies were flown into West Berlin organized by US and Great Britain
- Provided food and supplies
- Blockade was eventually lifted
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The Berlin BlockadeFrance, Britain, and the United States gradually united their three zones of occupation within Germany and in 1948 announced their intention to create a West German Republic. In opposition to the proposed republic—which would have included West Berlin, situated deep in the Soviet zone—Stalin established the Berlin Blockade in June 1948, cutting off all rail and highway access to Berlin from the west. Choosing not to abandon Berlin or use military force, Truman ordered an airlift, called “Operation Vittles,” to supply West Berlin. The airlift continued until May 1949, when the USSR lifted the blockade. Western forces immediately pulled out of Germany and approved the creation of the Federal Republic of Germany, or West Germany. The USSR responded by creating the German Democratic Republic, or East Germany.
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The Cold War Begins. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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The heightened fear of conflict produced by the Berlin Blockade helped convince Western Europe of the need for a security alliance. In April 1949, ten Western European nations, Canada, and the U.S. established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
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Displays how much the Berlin Blockade really effected other situations in Western Europe. It heightened fear amongst people causing the need for a security alliance leading to NATO.
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The Cold War Begins. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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Feb 21, 12
In 1945, Allies split Germany and Berlin into four zones each.
USSR took huge reparations from its zone in eastern Germany.
Britain, France and America tried to improve conditions in their zones.
June 1948, Britain, France and America united their zones into a new country, West Germany.
The Berlin Blockade and Airlift. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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Feb 21, 12
The Berlin Blockade and Airlift. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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Feb 22, 12
"If If the West wanted to play tough when it came to questions concerning German unification, then the Soviets could play even tougher when it came to Berlin.”
- Stalin reckognized that his country was facing sever challenges.
- transport of Berlin Airlift (milk, cereal, eggs, blankets)
- Plane took off or landed every 90 seconds
- mid July Truman sent a signal to British airfields
- two squadrons of b-29s carrying nuclear bombs
- threatened Stalin, lifted blockade
- the longer airlift lasted, the less leverage Stalin had
- Federal Republic of Germany : March 23rd 1949
Warren, James A. Cold War: The American Crusade Against World Communism, 1945-
1991. New York: Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Books, 1996. Print.
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The Berlin Blockade lasted 318 days. During this time, 275,000 planes transported 1.5 million tons of supplies and a plane landed every three minutes at Berlin's Templehof airport.
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Some statistics and numbers during the blockade and airlift.
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The Berlin Blockade and Airlift. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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Feb 22, 12
- Also known as OPERATION VITTLES
- Tensions are building over what to do with Germany
- The USSR blockaded West Berlin in order to “starve” the Western Allies (US, GB, France) out
- Truman decided the West had to stand up to Stalin and supplies were flown into West Berlin
- June 1948 Soviets blockaded the East German border to all land and water traffic into Berlin from the west
- People of West Berlin faced starvation
- US and GB organized airlift to supply
- Provided food and supplies daily to the inhabitants of the western part of the city
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The Truman administration reacted with a continual daily airlift which brought much needed food and supplies into the city of West Berlin. This Airbridge to Berlin lasted until the end of September of 1949---although on May 12, 1949, the Soviet government yielded and lifted the blockade.
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Truman had decided to put an end to the blockade by administrating the Berlin Airlift, which brought food and supplies over to West Berlin which was much needed for the people living there.
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The Berlin Airlift. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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June 24: Soviets cut surface traffic to bERLIN
- US respond by supplying Berin by air
- Crisis until May 12, 1949
Margulies, Phillip. America's Role in The World. New York: Facts On File, 2009. Print.
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Feb 21, 12
Supplies were airlifted into isolated West Berlin by the US and Great Britain
(http://www.findingdulcinea.com/docroot/dulcinea/fd_images/news/on-this-day/May-June-08/On-this-Day--Soviet-Union-Ends-Berlin-Blockade/news/0/image.jpg)
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- Airlift was ten months
- 2.3 million tons of supplies to soldiers and civilians
- June 1949, Stalin called off blockade
- Germany divided into two nations: Communist-controlled, Capitalist democracy
Collier, Christopher, and James L. Collier. The United States in the Cold War, 1945-
1989. New York: Benchmark Books, 2002. Print.
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Feb 22, 12
- NATO:North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Created to protect each other, large alliance as a unified force if any of the countries were to be attacked.
- Still around today with even more countries
- Warsaw Pact was counter to NATO
- Lead by USSR
- Eventually didn't work out
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Not only did the blockade turn out to be totally ineffective, it ended up backfiring on the Soviets in other ways. It provoked genuine fears of war in the West. And instead of preventing the establishment of an independent West Germany, it accelerated the Allies plans to set up the state. It also hastened the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, an American-Western European military alliance. In May 1949, Stalin had little choice but to lift the blockade.
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Because of how strongly the Western Allies retaliated to the blockade, it turned out to be ineffective and resulted as fears of war in the West. This later on lead to an independent West Germany by the Allies unifying as well as the creation of NATO.
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Berlin Blockade. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012.
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- Germany was divided into the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the Democratic Republic of Germany (East Germany) until 1990.
- The Iron Curtain became permanent.
- The Cold War broke out into open confrontation, and the two superpowers began an Arms Race.
- In 1949, the Allies set up the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) as a military alliance to resist Soviet Russia.
Results of the Berlin Crisis of 1948
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The Berlin Blockade and Airlift. n.d. Web. 21 February 2012. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/berlinblockaderev1.shtml>.
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Feb 22, 12
On May 23, 1949, the Western Allies united and the Federal Republic of Germany was born (Warren 58). The Berlin Blockade was a bold movement on Stalin’s part, it clearly had an effect on the Western allies to retaliate in such ways, yet in the end the blockade turned out to be quite ineffective for the Soviet Union. It triggered fears of possible war therefore the creation of NATO took place as well as the counter to that with the Warsaw Pact. Although the Berlin Blockade was not a complete success for Stalin and the USSR, it resulted in many important establishments that are still in effect today.
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