Joanne Kiernan's List: Stuff

• • LOL, ermm somebody needs basic lessons in taxonomy...ahahahaa

• The poster says;

    

    

  Cat Found!!!

    

    
  • Black + tan with grey
  
   
  • male
  
   
  • no collar
  
   
  • not very friendly, I think he might be scared
  
   
  • not housebroken either :(
  
   
  • found on Sunset Blvd

• • We are now moving towards an exciting time in evolutionary genetics. The SLOW staged evolutionary change vs. RAPID punctuated evolution. I know we are going to see more congruence between the early Lamarkism theories and Darwinian evolution. Keeping an eye on this, very interesting stuff.
• that mesoscale ecosystem resilience shifts can entrain punctuated events of gene expression and other cognitive phenomena on more rapid time scales, and, in part through such means, slower changes induced by selection pressures, triggering punctuated equilibrium Darwinian evolutionary transitions on geologic time scales.

• • Oh dear.... when is this going to stop? Why have we got ourselves into such a mess concerning evolution?
• • Why is this crazyness going on? Its like we have extremism that has to fundamentally oppose evolution and read scripture as if it is literal.
• cience education, where false ideas like
• evolution are rammed down the throats of helpless students, producing
• faithless little monsters, who will become drug-taking, communist
• atheists.
• "protecting the rights of students and teachers who don't agree with the science behind Darwinian evolution"
• Activists persuaded the board to qualify evolution as a "theory,"
• Those who oppose Darwin's theory of evolution aren't all religiously motivated,
• she thought kindergartners should not be taught Darwinian evolution because "that may be brainwashing." She also told the committee of her own experience in college, where she refused to answer a science exam question about evolution with the accepted Darwinian answer and instead copied down the creation story in Genesis, Chapter 1.

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• Non-coding RNAs, and their potential role in cancer development, are one of the  hottest topics in cancer research at the moment.
• stem cells regulates the processing of one specific family of miRNAs
• as well as in being important regulators of stemness

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• German biochemist, Otto Warburg,  thought that the way to understand cancer was through metabolism. Unlike normal  cells, which broke down sugar using oxidative pathways (or the Krebs cycle),  tumor cells used non-oxidative pathways (glycolysis) to generate energy from  sugar.
• One such virus was the Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV), discovered by Peyton  Rous at Rockefeller University in 1916.
• 1977 when, the Bishop lab discovered that the ability of the RSV to transform  normal cells to cancerous cells was due to a single gene in the virus' genome.  The gene was named src.
• kinase, or an enzyme capable of adding phosphates to tyrosines found on other  proteins
• In the case of src, the activated signal cascade made cells divide  faster and prevented the cells from turning on cell-death programs.
• The whole field was changed overnight. People realized that cancer can be caused  by mutations in the genome. In other words these signaling  molecules were prime causes of tumorogenesis.
• retroviral oncogenes
• explored the contributions of proto-oncogenes
• pursued the physiological functions of proto-oncogenes in normal organisms, and  shared in the discovery of the protein kinase encoded by src.
• intra-cellular signaling
• suppress cell growth or activate cell death in case the cell went bonkers
• If the activity of these "tumor suppressor genes" was abolished by mutation then  the cells would become more transformed. One of the most famous of these genes  is p53 which is mutated in over 50% of all cancers.
• "proto-oncogenes" and "tumour suppressor genes".
• Cells normally gave and received signals from neighboring cells and from the  extracellular environment. These signals told the cells when to grow, when to be  quiescent, when to move, when to stay put, when to live and when to die. If key  signaling enzymes became corrupted, due to mutations or other genetic defects,  transformation could occur.
• tumors are large collections of cells that are poorly vascularized, that is, not  many blood vessels grow into and out of the tumors. Since these cells have  little access to oxygen, they use non-oxidative metabolic pathways to turn sugar  into energy.
• new research has led to a new appreciation of how metabolism does play a role in  cancer. The answer is very surprising and has led to the discovery of an ancient  cell signaling pathway. And to give another twist to the tale, ribosomes have a  lot to do with this new insight

  • Looking forward to reading about the ribosomal and metabolic pathway with regards to tumorgenesis.

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• verifiable results of the population buried at Aldaieta to be obtained.

• Within the great homogeneity of the mitochondrial lines on the European  continent, the genetic substrate of the population buried at Aldaieta falls  within the variability of that expressed by current populations on the  Cantabrian coast and Atlantic axis, thereby indicating the existence of genic  flow between these human groups in ancient times.

• at least two major waves of human migration out of Africa. DNA evidence suggests  also that these wanderers bred with the people they encountered, rather than  replaced them, in a "make- love-not-war,"scenario.

• It is likely that the earlier out-of-Africa expansion also was characterized  by interbreeding rather than replacement, but Templeton emphasizes that the  evidence for this is tentative because the probability of such old gene flow is  not statistically high enough.
• thereby strengthened the genetic ties between human populations throughout the  world."
• include dashing the popular ‘Eve Theory’ because of flaws he detected in  researchers’ 1987 computer analyses. In 1998, he published a paper in American  Anthropologist that explained humans as one race, instead of a species with  subdivisions, or races. His study showed that, among people now categorized by  race, everyone shares about 85 percent of the same genes. The 15 percent of  variation is not enough difference to separate people biologically

  • This is why race is a redundant phrase

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• New Analysis Shows Three Human Migrations Out Of Africa
• shows three distinct major waves of human migration out of Africa instead of  just two, and statistically refutes — strongly — the 'Out of Africa' replacement  theory.
• Another novel find is that populations of Homo erectus in Eurasia had recurrent  genetic interchange with African populations 1.5 million years ago, much earlier  than previously thought, and that these populations persisted instead of going  extinct,
• "So the idea of pure, distinct races in humans does not exist. We humans don't  have a tree relationship, rather a trellis. We're intertwined."
  

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• Look inside any eukaryotic cell and you'll lots of little membranous  organelles whizzing around. These membranous structures play crucial roles in  various cellular activities. Very often their shape contributes to their  function.

  • What do you think about this?

  • What do you think about this?
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