Jasmine Khilnani's List: BGH H1N!

• We demonstrate that both influenza H1N1 and H5N1 viruses efficiently infect alveolar epithelial cells from both apical and basolateral surface of the epithelium but release of newly formed virus is mainly from the apical side of the epithelium.
• In contrast, influenza H5N1 virus, but not H1N1 virus, efficiently infected polarized microvascular endothelial cells from both apical and basolateral aspects.
• This study is the first demonstration of polarity secretion of cytokines in influenza H5N1 infected alveolar epithelium. Th

1 more annotation...

• is of relatively low virulence
• It is therefore essential that clinicians be able to recognize possible cases of pandemic H1N1 influenza in high-risk groups so that they order the appropriate diagnostic tests, begin specific antiviral therapy, and prepare to provide intensive supportive measures as needed.
• The role of radiologic imaging in epidemic detection and response is evolving, with imaging being used as a tool for identifying severe cases [6, 7]. In this article, we describe the radiologic appearance of a fatal case of novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus
• The imaging findings in this case, therefore, suggest a differential diagnosis of atypical infection (including viral infection; Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, or Legionella infection; and septic emboli), ARDS, cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), eosinophilic pneumonitis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• In ARDS, respiratory epithelial injury with abnormally increased permeability of the capillary endothelium initially produces patchy consolidations on CT and radiography, with evolution to confluent bilateral air-space opacity.
• This patient's CT pattern, however, is also somewhat different from findings generally associated with ARDS. The typical ARDS opacities are predominantly posterior and basal in contrast to the peripheral rounded foci seen in this case, which are also commonly identified in organizing pneumonia–type reactions.
• The findings were also suggestive of less airway inflammation than in other reported viral pneumonias.
• Early CT may help clinicians recognize incipient cases of severe influenza and improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease. Further collection of radiographic data and pathologic–radiologic correlation are warranted.

6 more annotations...

• The aim of this study was to review the chest radiographic and CT findings in seven patients with confirmed S-OIV.
• Most cases are mild and self-limited; however, S-OIV infection in high-risk patients is more likely to have severe and complicated courses [4, 11]. The high-risk group includes children younger than 5 years old, adults 65 years old or older, patients with chronic underlying conditions (e.g., asthma, diabetes, cardiac disease, renal disease, neurocognitive disease, and neuromuscular disorders), and immunosuppressed patients

• ur study has several limitations. First, it is a retrospective study that includes only a small number of cases. Second, only three of the seven patients had MDCT correlation. Finally, none of the patients underwent lung biopsy or autopsy that would have allowed radiographic–histopathologic correlation.

1 more annotation...