Issam Freiha's List: Harlem Renaissance Art

• • http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance
    
    The end of the American Civil War in 1865 ushered in an era of increased education and employment opportunities for black Americans. This created the first black middle class in America, and its members began expecting the same lifestyle afforded to white Americans. But in 1896, racial equality was delivered a crushing blow when the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court case declared racial segregation to be constitutionally acceptable. This created even harsher conditions for African-Americans, particularly in some Southern states that sought to minimize the equality that former slaves and their descendants might aspire toward. The South also became gradually more and more economically depressed as boll weevils began to infest cotton crops. This reduced the amount of labor needed in the South.
    
    
    This Explais How the Harlem Renaissance came about. Because of an economic depression in the South after the Civil War, African Americans began to head to Northern United States. Furthermore, this was also an added bonus for them, as the North offered the right to vote, which also pushed many African Americans to migrate to the North  
• • http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance
    
    One of the best speakeasies in Harlem was the Cotton Club, a place that intended to have the look and feel of a luxurious Southern plantation. To complete the theme, only African-American entertainers could perform there, while only white clientele (with few exceptions) were allowed to patronize the establishment. This attracted high-powered celebrity visitors such as Cole Porter, Bing Crosby and Doris Duke to see the most talented black entertainers of the day. Some of the most famous jazz performers of the time - including singer Lena Horne, composer and musician Duke Ellington, and singer Cab Calloway - graced the Cotton Club stage.
    
    
    This article not only explains to us how the Harlem Renaissance came about but also focuses on one of the most important ages of the Harlem Renaissance, the "Jazz Age" and its impact on American Society.

  • http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance
    
    After the American civil war, liberated African-Americans searched for a safe place to explore their new identities as free men and women. They found it in Harlem. Read on to find out how this New York neighborhood became home to some of the best and brightest minds of the 20th century, gave birth to a cultural revolution, and earned its status as "the capital of black America"
    
    
    
    This article not only explains to us how the Harlem Renaissance came about but also focuses on one of the most important ages of the Harlem Renaissance, the "Jazz Age" and its impact on American Society.
    
• • http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance
    
    
    As the 20s came to a close, so did white America’s infatuation with Harlem- and the artistic and intellectual movements surrounding it. The advent of The Great Depression also crushed the wild enthusiasm of “The Roaring 20s,” bringing an end to the decadence and indulgence that fueled the patronage of Harlem artists and their establishments.
    
    
    This explains how the Harlem Renaissance came to an end. The main cause of the end of the Harlem Renaissance was the Great Depression in the late 1920's. The depression caused many people to stop focusing on art, music and literature and rather focus on the economy. I will use this for my conclusion  

1 more annotation...

• • "The Harlem Renaissance?" Current Events, a Weekly Reader publication 12 Feb. 2007. Gale Power Search. Web. 14 Feb. 2012.
    
    
    Hot nights and cool jazz ... steamy sidewalks and snappy dressers ... the lilt of gentle laughter and the penetrating wall of blues music ... That was Harlem in the 1920s and early 1930s--a place that pulsated night and day with excitement, promise, glitter, and joy. Some of the greatest African American poets, novelists, actors, and thinkers called this New York City neighborhood home. The cultural explosion there was so great that the period became known as the Harlem Renaissance. (Renaissance is a French word that means "rebirth.") Below are lust a few of the people who made Harlem come alive.
    
    
    This article explains in brief what the Harlem Renaissance was. There is no really opposing viewpoints made in this article. This is probably because everyone agrees that the Harlem Renaissance was a revival of the city of Harlem. Furthermore this article gives us a list of the few important people who made the Harlem Renaissance

• • Rampersad, Arnold. "The Book That Launched the Halem Renaissance." The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education. 31 Jan 2003: 87+. SIRS Renaissance. Web. 20 Feb 2012.
    
    "To many scholars and critics of the movement known as the Harlem Renaissance--that dramatic upsurge of creativity in literature, music, and art within black America that reached its zenith in the second half of the 1920s--The New Negro is its definitive text, its Bible. Most of the participants in the movement probably held the book in similar regard. Conceived and edited by Alain Locke, illustrated by Winold Reiss and Aaron Douglas, and published by the then prominent firm of Albert and Charles Boni, The New Negro alerted the world in 1925 that something approaching a cultural revolution was taking place among blacks in New York, as well as elsewhere in the United States and perhaps around the world. The book also attempted in a fairly ambitious, expansive way to offer a definition of this cultural movement. The story of the making of The New Negro is complicated and, in certain aspects, paradoxical."
    
    
    Alain Locke was an American writer, philosopher, educator, and patron of the arts. He is best known for his writings on and about the Harlem Renaissance and today is regarded as the "Father of the Harlem Renaissance". This article says that Alain Locke's writings really expressed the cultural revolution that happened during the Harlem Renaissance. 

• • http://robinurton.com/history/Harlem.htm
    
    
    "The four-panel series Aspects of Negro Life tracks the journey of African Americans from freedom in Africa to enslavement in the United States and from liberation after the Civil War to life in the modern city."
    
    This article explains the significance of Harlem Renaissance Art. It enlightens us on what famous harlem renaissance artists painted and how it expressed African American feeling and culture
    

• • http://chevalierdesaintgeorges.homestead.com/ellington.html#8
    
    Ellington participated in the Civil Rights movement from the 1940s on. In 1941 he wrote the score for the musical Jump for Joy, a show intended to debunk common movie stereotypes of African American popular culture.
    
    One of the greatest Harlem Renaissance musicians and certainly one of the founders of Jazz, Duke Ellington. This is a biography of Duke Ellington it shows us how he affected African American society.