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anouk jurgens's List: Drug policy netherlands

All Africa Drought and Famine Relief (UMCOR)

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on 2009-01-20
- Every 30 seconds an African child dies of hunger
BBC NEWS | UK | Decriminalisation: Let's go Dutch?

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on 2008-05-19
- hese are the 1,500 or so cafés
- no more than five grams per person are sold in any one transaction;
  no hard drugs are sold;
  drugs are not advertised;
  the coffee shop does not cause any nuisance;
  no drugs are sold to minors (under 18);
  no minors are admitted to the premises.
EMCDDA | Spain

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on 2008-05-19
Hard and soft drugs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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on 2008-05-17
- Examples of hard drugs include heroin, morphine, cocaine, amphetamines, alcohol, and nicotine (tobacco).^{[citation needed}
- 2 more annotations...
- - MDMA, Ketamine, and caffeine
  - Examples of soft drugs include cannabis, mescaline, psilocybin, and LSD. MDMA and caffeine are sometimes included as soft drugs, see
    above. The term soft drug is most usually applied to cannabis (marijuana or hashish).
Comparative cannabis use dataAuthors' reply -- Abraham et al. 179 (2): 175 -- The British Journal of Psychiatry

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drug policy netherlands on 2008-05-12
- First, in 16 cases a Dutch city is compared with a nation (UK,USA,
  Sweden, etc)
- 1997 national survey we found largegeographical differences between
  locations with different addressdensities, a measure of
  urbanisation. For example, lifetime prevalence of cannabis use in
  Amsterdam (address density > 3000/km²) was 36.7%, the
  average national prevalence was 15.6%and average prevalence in rural
  areas (address density <500/km²) 10.5%. Correct
  international comparisons can be made, but haveto be between
  comparable geographical or urban areas. Despitethe sensitivity
  MacCoun & Reuter demand for correct comparisons,nationwide US
  figures (260 million inhabitants, including majormetropolitan areas)
  are compared with the small Dutch cityof Tilburg (165 000
  inhabitants).
- 3 more annotations...
- - the increases...provide the strongest evidence that the Dutch regime
    mighthave increased cannabis use among the young". This findingis based on school survey data (lifetime cannabis use in 1984:
    15%, in 1996: 44%
  - For the age group 18-20 lifetime cannabis use remains at the same
    level over time (17% in 1989, 19% in1990, 18% in 1991, 20% in 1992
    and 14% in 1993; data from D.J. B.).
  - Amsterdam for the same age group 18-20: in1987 lifetime cannabis use
    was 34%, rising to 44% in 1997
Drug War Facts: International Facts, Policies and Trends

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on 2008-05-17
- According to the Opium Act, possession of marijuana for personal use is a crime
- The maximum sentence for the possession or sale of no more than 30 grams of hemp
  is 1 month in prison (and/or a fine), but a prison sentence of 4 years (and/or a
  fine) applies to imports and exports or professional cultivation. the maximum
  sentence for hard drugs is 1 year in prison (and/or a fine) for the possession
  of 'user quantities,' while it is 12 years in prison (and/or a fine) for imports
  or exports. These maximum sentences can be raised by one third if the offence
  has been committed more than once."
- 8 more annotations...
- - National drug policy in the Netherlands has five major objectives: prevention of
    drug use; treatment and rehabilitation of addicts; reduction of harm to drug
    users; diminishing public nuisance caused by by drug users (i.e. disturbance of
    public order and safety in the neighbourhood); and combatting the production and
    trafficking of drugs.
  - The number of opiate addicts in the Netherlands — between 26,000 and 30,000 — is
    stable, and low compared to other EU countries (2.6 per 1,000 inhabitants in the
    Netherlands; 4.3 per 1,000 inhabitants in France; and 6.7 per 1,000 inhabitants
    in the United Kingdom)."
  - Regarding drug use among young people aged 12-18, in 2002 the Trimbos Institute
    reported that "The use of illegal drugs is still low among this age group.
    Cannabis scores highest, but the use of hard drugs and synthetic drugs is almost
    non-existent in this age group and deaths and overdoses are rare. Cannabis use
    increased steeply from 1988 to 1996, but lifetime and last month prevalence
    stabilised afterwards (until 1999) at 19% and 15%. Boys are more frequent users
    than girls.
  - The ratio of drug-related deaths in The Netherlands is the lowest in Europe.
  - Violent crime rates in The Netherlands are much lower than in the US, as is the
    rate of transmission of HIV/AIDS through injection drug use.
  - Cannabis use among Dutch schoolchildren aged 10-18 years has fallen for the
    first time in 16 years, a national survey of risk behaviour among 10,000 young
    people has shown."
  - about one in five young people had used cannabis at some point in their lives
    but less than a tenth had used it in the previous four weeks ("current users")."
  - "Cannabis is by far the most popular illicit drug in the Netherlands. The total
    number of cannabis users in the Netherlands is estimated at some 320,000. The
    estimated number of cannabis dependent persons may vary between 30,000 and
    80,000
Search

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on 2008-05-11
- WORLD DRUG
  REPORT
  
  ... Volume 2: Statistics WORLD DRUG REPOR
  T 2005 V olume 2: Statistics WORLD DRUG REPORT ...
  2005 Volume
  2: Statistics Page 2. Page 3. WORLD DRUG REPORT ...
  
  www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2005/volume_2_web.pdf
  
  - 2005-06-28
  
  [PDF]
  
  WORLD DRUG
  REPORT
  
  Page 1. WORLD DRUG REPORT Volume 2: Statistics
  Page 2. Page 3. WORLD DRUG REPORT
  Volume 2: Statistics 2004 Page 4.
  The boundaries, names ...
  
  www.unodc.org/pdf/WDR_2004/volume_2.pdf
  
  - 2004-07-09
Two countries took the drugs test. Who passed? | UK news | The Observer

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on 2008-05-06
- 'There is no war on drugs in the Netherlands
- 'This means accepting that addicts are people too: that they have their
  backgrounds, their stories, and you have to respect them. They can still lead
  useful lives, and they're not a lost group. If you look at England, France,
  Spain, they all have drug problems. But Holland started thinking about how to
  deal with this much earlier. We're not deluded we can solve the problem
  entirely, but we can contain it, make it controllable. You are 20 years behind.'
- 2 more annotations...
- - Trimbos surveys 10,000 Dutch schoolchildren every four years. The last study,
    in 1999, showed a small decline in cannabis use - 20 per cent of those aged
    15-16 had tried it, and 5 per cent smoked it regularly. Less than one in 1,000
    had tried heroin. The same year the European Drug Monitoring Centre found 40 per
    cent of British children the same age had tried cannabis, and one in 50 had used
    heroin.
  - A similar pragmatism, with reducing harm as the governing principle, is visible
    in the way Utrecht deals with hard drugs
Dutch Drug Policy Even More Effective

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on 2008-05-06
- Dutch drug policy
  even more effective
  than
  previously thought!
- EVER USED
  USED
  PAST YEAR
  USED
  PAST MONTH
  
  USA
  DUTCH
  USA
  DUTCH
  USA
  DUTCH
  MARIJUANA
  32.9
  15.6
  9.0
  4.5
  5.1
  2.5
  COCAINE
  10.5
  2.1
  1.9
  0.6
  0.7
  0.2
  INHALANTS
  5.7
  0.5
  1.1
  0.1
  0.4
  Too small
  to measure
  HEROIN
  0.9
  0.3
  0.3
  0.1
  Too small
  to measure
  Too

National Drug Policy: The Netherlands

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on 2008-05-06

Dutch
drug policy is often misunderstood and misrepresented. Beginning in the 1970s, the Netherlands
embarked on a pragmatic harm reduction approach to drugs that has resulted in a
system in which priority is given to health care and prevention while,
simultaneously, strong enforcement measures are directed against organized
crime. This paper provides a brief
historical overview of the development of Dutch drug policy, a summary of the
current law, and a selection of related statistical data. A synopsis of reports from significant
commissions of inquiry is also presented.

This paper is part of a series of country reports prepared by the
Parliamentary Research Branch of the Library of Parliament for the Senate
Special Committee on Illegal Drugs.
CANNABIS
USE IN THE NETHERLANDS BY PEOPLE

AGED
12 YEARS AND ABOVE. SURVEY YEAR 1997

Has ever
used

16%

Has used
recently

2.5%

Has used for
the first time in the past year

1%

Mean age of
current users

28 years

CANNABIS USE
IN THE FOUR LARGE CITIES AND IN SMALLER TOWNS AMONG PEOPLE AGED 12 YEARS AND
ABOVE. SURVEY YEAR 1997

Ever use

Recent use

Amsterdam

37%

8%

Utrecht

27%

4%

The
Hague

20%

4%

Rotterdam

19%

3%

Smaller
towns^a)

11%

2%
15 more annotations...

The Netherlands’ experience with drugs in the 19^th century was
in some ways unique. Although it
was certainly not a drug-free nation, it differed from the United States and
other Western European nations in that it did not have the problem of addicted
soldiers and there was little scientific research or public concern regarding
addiction. Two key factors shaped
the evolution of the Dutch policy on drugs during this period: the development
of the modern medical profession, and the immense profitability of Dutch
colonial drug operations.
By the early 20^th
century, the Netherlands was the world’s largest cocaine producer; huge profits
were made first from opium leases – the practice by which the government leased
the right to sell opium to local colonial populations – and then later via state
monopoly on the sale of opium.
Following WWII, marijuana use became detectable in the Netherlands and a 1953
amendment to the Opium Act added cannabis to the list of illegal
substances
Anyone found in possession of a quantity of hard drugs for personal use is
liable to a penalty of one year’s imprisonment and a fine of 10,000
guilders. The maximum penalty for
importing or exporting soft drugs is four years’ imprisonment and a fine of
100,000 guilders.
One of the key elements of assisting Dutch addicts is the free supply of
methadone, but as noted in the government’s 1995 policy report,^([10]) this practice has
had limited effect, possibly due in part to the fact that methadone lacks the
euphoric “flash” of heroin.
In 1998, a number of Dutch cities started experimenting with prescribing heroin,
in combination with methadone, on medical grounds.
750
Ecstasy is the most widely consumed
synthetic drug in the Netherlands and is associated with the “clubbing circuit
It must first be noted that Dutch drug legislation is not unique
CANNABIS USE
BY PEOPLE AGED 16 AND ABOVE IN

THREE URBAN
AREAS. SURVEY YEAR 1999

Ever use^a)

Recent use^b)

Utrecht

30%

7%

Rotterdam

19%

6%

Parkstad
Limburg^c)

13%

5%

CONSUMPTION
OF COCAINE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES

IN THE
GENERAL POPULATION

	Country		Survey year		Ever		Last year
	United States		1998		10.6%		1.7%
	Australia		1998		4.3%		1.4%
	Spain		1997		3.3%		1.6%
	England and Wales		1998		3.0%		1.0%
	The Netherlands		1997		2.4%		0.7%
	Denmark		1994		2.0%		?
	Germany (West)		1997		1.5%		0.7%
Greece		1998		1.3%		0.5%
France		1995		1.2%		0.2%
Sweden		1998		1.0%		?
Finland		1998		0.6%		?
Flemish Belgium		1994		0.5%		0.2%

CONSUMPTION
OF ECSTASY AND AMPHETAMINES BY PUPILS

AGED 15 AND
16 YEARS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Country

Survey year

Ecstasy

Amphetamines

Ireland

1995

Flemish
Belgium

1998

Netherlands

1999

United
Kingdom

1999

Italy

1999

Denmark

1999

Spain

1998

3%^a)

France

1997

3%^b)

Greece

1998

Luxembourg

1998

Sweden

1998

Finland

1995

0.2%

LEVEL OF
CANNABIS CONSUMPTION IN THE NETHERLANDS BY RECENT USERS AGED 12 YEARS AND ABOVE.
SURVEY YEAR 1997

Days of use in the last month

Percentage among recent
users^a)

1-4

45%

5-8

14%

9-20

15%

More than 20 days

26%
PROBLEM HARD
DRUG USERS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

AND IN
NORWAY

Country

Number per thousand inhabitants

Luxembourg

7.2

Italy

6.4

United
Kingdom

5.6

Spain

4.9

France

3.9

Norway

3.9

Ireland

3.8

Denmark

3.5

Austria

3.2

Belgium

3.0

Sweden

3.0

Netherlands

2.5

Finland

2.4

Germany

2.2
Arrests for Drug
Offences per 100,000 inhabitants, 1995/1996^([32])

Australia

313

Austria

201

Canada

207

Denmark

166

France

134

Germany

229

Netherlands

43

Sweden

100

UK

162

USA

539

2k7Facts on Alcohol, Tobacco & Illegal Drug Abuse & Mental Health, SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies

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drug abuse statistics on 2008-05-03
Drug War Facts: The Netherlands and the United States – A Comparison

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drug abuse statistics on 2008-05-17
- Social Indicator
  
    Comparison Year
  
    USA
  
    Netherlands
  
  Lifetime prevalence of marijuana use (ages 12+)
  
  2001
  
  36.9%
  ¹
  
  17.0%
  ²
  
  Past month prevalence of marijuana use (ages 12+)
  
  2001
  
  5.4%
  ¹
  
  3.0%
  ²
  
  Lifetime prevalence of heroin use (ages 12+)
  
  2001
  
  1.4%
  ¹
  
  0.4%
  ²
  
  Incarceration Rate per 100,000 population
  
  2002
  
  701
  ³
  
  100
  ⁴
  
  Per capita spending on criminal justice system (in Euros)
  
  1998
  
  €379
  ⁵
  
  €223
  ⁵
  
  Homicide rate per 100,000 population
  
  Average 1999-2001
  
  5.56
  ⁶
  
  1.51
  ⁶
- There were 2.4 drug-related deaths per million inhabitants in the Netherlands in
  1995
- 6 more annotations...
- - In France this figure was 9.5, in Germany 20, in Sweden 23.5 and in Spain 27.1.
    According to the 1995 report of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and
    Drug Addiction in Lisbon, the Dutch figures are the lowest in Europe.
  - AIDS victims are
  - 10.5%."
  - 3.1 per 1000 people aged 15-64 years
  - The number of problem opiate/crack users seems to have remained relatively
    stable in the past ten years
  - 32.9% of Americans aged 12 and above have experience with cannabis and 5.1% have
    used in the past month. These figures are twice as high as those in the
    Netherlands."
Drug policy of the Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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drug policy netehrlands on 2008-05-17 and saved by 3 people
- Netherlands has a high anti-drug related public expenditure, the second highest drug related public expenditure per capita of all countries in EU (after Sweden).
- t is a pragmatic policy. Most policymakers in the Netherlands believe that if a problem has proved to be unsolvable, it is better to try controlling it instead of continuing to enforce laws with mixed results. By comparison, most other countries take the point of view that drugs are detrimental to society and must therefore be outlawed, even when such policies fail to eliminate drug use. This has caused friction between the Netherlands and other countries, most notably with France and Germany. As of 2004, Belgium seems to be moving toward the Dutch model and a few local German legislators are calling for experiments based on the Dutch model. Switzerland has had long and heated parliamentary debates about whether to follow the Dutch model, but finally decided against it in 2004; currently a ballot initiative is in the works on the question. In the last few years certain strains of marijuana with higher concentrations of THC and drug tourism have challenged the current policy and led to a re-examination of the current approach.^[3]
- 4 more annotations...
- - n the Netherlands 9.7% of young boys consume soft drugs once a month, comparable to the level in Italy (10.9%) and Germany (9.9%) and less than in the UK (15.8%) and Spain (16.4%) ^[10], but much higher than in, for example, Sweden (3%), Finland or Greece.^[1] Dutch rates of drug use are lower than U.S. rates in every category. ^[11] The monthly prevalence of drugs other than cannabis among young people (15-24) was 4% in 2004, that was above the average (3%) of 15 compared countries in EU. However, seemingly few transcends to becoming problem drug users (0.3%), well below the average (0.52%) of the same compared countries.^[1]
    
    The reported number of deaths linked to the use of drugs in the Netherlands, as a proportion of the entire population, is lower than the EU average.^[12] but the relevance of this is unclear since the methods for registration differ from country to country. The Dutch government is able to support approximately 90% of help seeking addicts with detoxification programs. Treatment demand is rising. ^[13]
    
    Another effect is a problem with an extensive drug tourism from other countries. Drug tourists are in many cases excluded from the drug related statistics from Netherlands.^{[citation needed]}
    
    Criminal investigations into more serious forms of organized crime mainly involve drugs (72%). Most of these are investigations of hard drug crime (specifically cocaine and synthetic drugs) although the number of soft drug cases is rising and currently accounts for 41% of criminal investigations. ^[13]
  - Dutch rates of drug use are lower than U.S. rates in every category. ^[10] The monthly prevalence
    of drugs other than cannabis among young people (15-24) was 4% in 2004, that was
    above the average (3%) of 15 compared countries in EU. However, seemingly few transcends to becoming problem
    drug users (0.3%), well below the average (0.52%) of the same compared
    countries.^[1]
  - The reported number of deaths linked to the use of drugs in the Netherlands,
    as a proportion of the entire population, is lower than the EU average.^[11] The Dutch government is
    able to support approximately 90% of help seeking addicts with detoxification
    programs. Treatment demand is rising. ^[12]
  - By 2009, 27 coffee shops selling cannabis in Rotterdam, all within 200 meters from schools, must
    close down.

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anouk jurgens

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Updated on 2009-01-20
Created on 2008-05-03

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drug policy netherlands

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anouk jurgens's List: Drug policy netherlands

All Africa Drought and Famine Relief (UMCOR)

BBC NEWS | UK | Decriminalisation: Let's go Dutch?

EMCDDA | Spain

Hard and soft drugs - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Comparative cannabis use dataAuthors' reply -- Abraham et al. 179 (2): 175 -- The British Journal of Psychiatry

Drug War Facts: International Facts, Policies and Trends

Search

Two countries took the drugs test. Who passed? | UK news | The Observer

Dutch Drug Policy Even More Effective

National Drug Policy: The Netherlands

CANNABIS
USE IN THE NETHERLANDS BY PEOPLE

AGED
12 YEARS AND ABOVE. SURVEY YEAR 1997

CONSUMPTION
OF COCAINE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES

2k7Facts on Alcohol, Tobacco & Illegal Drug Abuse & Mental Health, SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies

Drug War Facts: The Netherlands and the United States – A Comparison

Drug policy of the Netherlands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Arrests for Drug Offences per 100,000 inhabitants, 1995/1996^([32])
Australia	313
Austria	201
Canada	207
Denmark	166
France	134
Germany	229
Netherlands	43
Sweden	100
UK	162
USA	539

anouk jurgens's List: Drug policy netherlands

CANNABIS USE IN THE NETHERLANDS BY PEOPLE

AGED 12 YEARS AND ABOVE. SURVEY YEAR 1997

CONSUMPTION OF COCAINE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES

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CANNABIS
USE IN THE NETHERLANDS BY PEOPLE

AGED
12 YEARS AND ABOVE. SURVEY YEAR 1997

CONSUMPTION
OF COCAINE IN WESTERN COUNTRIES