Curriculum and Content Area Standards
NETS for Students

Technology Foundation Standards for All Students
The technology foundation standards for students are divided into six broad categories. Standards within each category are to be introduced, reinforced, and mastered by students. These categories provide a framework for linking performance indicators within the Profiles for Technology Literate Students to the standards. Teachers can use these standards and profiles as guidelines for planning technology-based activities in which students achieve success in learning, communication, and life skills.

Technology Foundation Standards for Students

1. Basic operations and concepts
   • Students demonstrate a sound understanding of the nature and operation of technology systems.
   • Students are proficient in the use of technology.
     
     
   • Social, ethical, and human issues
     • Students understand the ethical, cultural, and societal issues related to technology.
     • Students practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software.
     • Students develop positive attitudes toward technology uses that support lifelong learning, collaboration, personal pursuits, and productivity.
       
       
     • Technology productivity tools
       • Students use technology tools to enhance learning, increase productivity, and promote creativity.
       • Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology-enhanced models, prepare publications, and produce other creative works.
         
         
       • Technology communications tools
         • Students use telecommunications to collaborate, publish, and interact with peers, experts, and other audiences.
         • Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences.
           
           
         • Technology research tools
           • Students use technology to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources.
           • Students use technology tools to process data and report results.
           • Students evaluate and select new information resources and technological innovations based on the appropriateness for specific tasks.
             
             
           • Technology problem-solving and decision-making tools
             • Students use technology resources for solving problems and making informed decisions.
             • Students employ technology in the development of strategies for solving problems in the real world.
             • Use input devices (e.g., mouse, keyboard, remote control) and output devices (e.g., monitor, printer) to successfully operate computers, VCRs, audiotapes, and other technologies. (1)
             • Use a variety of media and technology resources for directed and independent learning activities. (1, 3)
             • Communicate about technology using developmentally appropriate and accurate terminology. (1)
             • Use developmentally appropriate multimedia resources (e.g., interactive books, educational software, elementary multimedia encyclopedias) to support learning. (1)
             • Work cooperatively and collaboratively with peers, family members, and others when using technology in the classroom. (2)
             • Demonstrate positive social and ethical behaviors when using technology. (2)
             • Practice responsible use of technology systems and software. (2)
             • Create developmentally appropriate multimedia products with support from teachers, family members, or student partners. (3)
             • Use technology resources (e.g., puzzles, logical thinking programs, writing tools, digital cameras, drawing tools) for problem solving, communication, and illustration of thoughts, ideas, and stories. (3, 4, 5, 6)
             • Gather information and communicate with others using telecommunications, with support from teachers, family members, or student partners. (4)
             • Use keyboards and other common input and output devices (including adaptive devices when necessary) efficiently and effectively. (1)
             • Discuss common uses of technology in daily life and the advantages and disadvantages those uses provide. (1, 2)
             • Discuss basic issues related to responsible use of technology and information and describe personal consequences of inappropriate use. (2)
             • Use general purpose productivity tools and peripherals to support personal productivity, remediate skill deficits, and facilitate learning throughout the curriculum. (3)
             • Use technology tools (e.g., multimedia authoring, presentation, Web tools, digital cameras, scanners) for individual and collaborative writing, communication, and publishing activities to create knowledge products for audiences inside and outside the classroom. (3, 4)
             • Use telecommunications efficiently and effectively to access remote information, communicate with others in support of direct and independent learning, and pursue personal interests. (4)
             • Use telecommunications and online resources (e.g., e-mail, online discussions, Web environments) to participate in collaborative problem-solving activities for the purpose of developing solutions or products for audiences inside and outside the classroom. (4, 5)
             • Use technology resources (e.g., calculators, data collection probes, videos, educational software) for problem solving, self-directed learning, and extended learning activities. (5, 6)
             • Determine when technology is useful and select the appropriate tool(s) and technology resources to address a variety of tasks and problems. (5, 6)
             • Evaluate the accuracy, relevance, appropriateness, comprehensiveness, and bias of electronic information sources. (6)
             • Apply strategies for identifying and solving routine hardware and software problems that occur during everyday use. (1)
             • Demonstrate knowledge of current changes in information technologies and the effect those changes have on the workplace and society. (2)
             • Exhibit legal and ethical behaviors when using information and technology, and discuss consequences of misuse. (2)
             • Use content-specific tools, software, and simulations (e.g., environmental probes, graphing calculators, exploratory environments, Web tools) to support learning and research. (3, 5)
             • Apply productivity/multimedia tools and peripherals to support personal productivity, group collaboration, and learning throughout the curriculum. (3 , 6)
             • Design, develop, publish, and present products (e.g., Web pages, videotapes) using technology resources that demonstrate and communicate curriculum concepts to audiences inside and outside the classroom. (4, 5, 6)
             • Collaborate with peers, experts, and others using telecommunications and collaborative tools to investigate curriculum-related problems, issues, and information, and to develop solutions or products for audiences inside and outside the classroom. (4, 5)
             • Select and use appropriate tools and technology resources to accomplish a variety of tasks and solve problems. (5, 6)
             • Demonstrate an understanding of concepts underlying hardware, software, and connectivity, and of practical applications to learning and problem solving. (1, 6)
             • Research and evaluate the accuracy, relevance, appropriateness, comprehensiveness, and bias of electronic information sources concerning real-world problems. (2, 5, 6)
             • Identify capabilities and limitations of contemporary and emerging technology resources and assess the potential of these systems and services to address personal, lifelong learning, and workplace needs. (2)
             • Make informed choices among technology systems, resources, and services. (1, 2)
             • Analyze advantages and disadvantages of widespread use and reliance on technology in the workplace and in society as a whole. (2)
             • Demonstrate and advocate for legal and ethical behaviors among peers, family, and community regarding the use of technology and information. (2)
             • Use technology tools and resources for managing and communicating personal/professional information (e.g., finances, schedules, addresses, purchases, correspondence). (3, 4)
             • Evaluate technology-based options, including distance and distributed education, for lifelong learning. (5)
             • Routinely and efficiently use online information resources to meet needs for collaboration, research, publication, communication, and productivity. (4, 5, 6)
             • Select and apply technology tools for research, information analysis, problem solving, and decision making in content learning. (4, 5)
             • Investigate and apply expert systems, intelligent agents, and simulations in real-world situations. (3, 5, 6)
             • Collaborate with peers, experts, and others to contribute to a content-related knowledge base by using technology to compile, synthesize, produce, and disseminate information, models, and other creative works. (4, 5, 6)

Just a reminder to all of the Technologyrdinators for Local District 4 schools. We will be having our first meeting for the new school year on Thursday, October 18, 2007 from 3:30 to 5:oo pm. We will meet at the Local District 4 office on the second floor, Suite 204.

For our first meeting, we will be going over Google Docs in a hands on workshop. You are welcome to bring in your own laptop or use one of ours. Google Docs is a great way for staff and student to collaborate on documents at the same time from any computer with

K-5

• Interactive Math Dictionary
  Terms are each defined by an interactive activity that helps clarify the definition.
• Reading Rockets - Author Podcasts
  This site is rich with resources for teachers and young readers. I especially like the video podcast interviews with authors such as Jack Prelutsky, Eve Bunting, R.L. Stine, and many others.
• Secondary
  • An eighth grade history teacher in Missouri, Eric Langhorst, has an outstanding podcast called Speaking of History. His most recent project is a book study to explore the book, Guerrilla Season, by Pat Hughes. This is a story about what life was like in Missouri during the Civil War times. He as invited interested educators and students across the globe to read this book together and reflect on that reading on the blog, The Guerrilla Season Book Blog. The author of the book, Pat Hughes, will also actively participate in this project. Listen to the podcast explaining this project. Not only is this a fantastic opportunity to actively engage students in authentic learning about the civil war, but is an excellent model for other similar projects.
    
  • K-12
    • Exploratorium's Tools for Teachers
      This site offers a wealth of resources for hands-on science education.
    • Educators - Some reading materials as food for thought
      
      • The New Face of Learning
        This articulate article, written by Will Richardson for Edutopia Magazine, examines how the new interactivity of the Read-Write Web is changing the way we interact with information in business and for entertainment. How can we use these powerful tools to engage our students in the classroom?
      • Ed-Tech has been proven effective
        From E-school News comes this compelling article summarizing the recent study produced by Cisco Systems and Metiri Group, entitled, "Technology in Schools, What the Research Says". This summary and accompanying report examines which practices are most effective and which aren't.
        

Keyboard Control

The inside cover of Mac OS X Power Tools contains a list of selected keyboard shorcuts in OS X. Below is a more complete list, divided into sections based on where they are applicable. For mouse/keyboard actions, check out the "Modified Mousing" link to the left. (Letter keys are printed here in CAPS for clarity -- you do not need to press the shift key unless explicitly instructed.) (NOTE: This page is in the process of being updated for full Panther compatibility.)

Startup and Login 

command+option+O+F	Invoke Open Firmware
command+option+P+R	Reset PRAM
T	Startup in FireWire Target Disk Mode
option	Invoke Startup Manager
command+S	Invoke single-user mode
command+V	Invoke verbose mode
C	Boot from CD/DVD
X	Boot into OS X (if you previously booted from OS 9 on the same volume)
shift (immediately at startup)	Safe boot
shift (after boot screen, until login screen)	Override auto-login
shift (after login screen)	Safe login
option+escape, then click on a user	Present name/password login dialog instead of list of users

 

System-wide


option+volume up/down/mute	Open Sound preferences
option+brightness up/down	Open Display preferences
command+space	Cycle through active keyboard layouts/scripts
F12	Eject CD/DVD drive (hold down for two seconds)
return or enter	Select default button in dialog (OK, Open, Save, etc.)
escape or command+.	Exit/cancel dialog
command+shift+Q	Log out
command+option+shift+Q	Log out without confirmation dialog
power button (laptops) or control+eject (desktops)	Bring up Restart/Sleep/Shut Down dialog
command+option+eject (desktops)	Sleep computer immediately
command+option+escape	Bring up Force Quit window
command+control+eject (desktops)	Restart immediately (chance to save changes in open documents)
command+option+control+eject (desktops) or command+option+control+power (laptops)	Shutdown immediately (chance to save changes in open documents)
command+control+power button	Force restart (no chance to save changes in open documents)
hold power button	Force shutdown (no chance to save changes in open documents)

 

Universal Access (must be enabled in Universal Access preferences)


command+option+8	Toggle zoom (screen magnification) on/off
command+option+=	Zoom in
command+option+-	Zoom out
command+option+control+8	Toggle display inversion (white-on-black) on/off
shift (five times)	Toggle Sticky Keys on/off
option (five times)	Toggle Mouse Keys on/off

 

Full Keyboard Access


control+F1	Toggle Full Keyboard Access on/off
control+F2 (or control+M)	Focus keyboard control on menu bar
control+F3 (or control+D)	Focus keyboard control on Dock
control+F4 (or control+W)	Focus keyboard control on active Window or cycle to next window
control+F5 (or control+T)	Focus keyboard control on toolbar
control+F6 (or control+U)	Focus keyboard control on palette (utility window)
control+F7	In windows and dialogs, switch focus to text boxes/lists/controls
arrow keys	Navigate active item
return, enter, or spacebar	Select highlighted item
return or enter	Select default dialog control (OK, Yes, No, Save, Open, etc.)
escape	Cancel action, menu, or dialog

 

Finder: General


command+J	Open View Options
command+shift+delete	Empty Trash (with confirmation dialog)
command+option+shift+delete	Empty Trash (without confirmation dialog)
command+F	Bring up Find dialog
command+K	Bring up Connect to Server dialog

 

Finder: Files and Folders


command+shift+N	New Folder in active Finder window (including the Desktop)
arrow keys	Navigate items in active Finder window
tab/shift+tab	Select next/previous file or folder (alphabetically)
type name of file/folder	Select that file/folder
return	Edit file/folder name
command+O	Open selected item(s)
command+I	Open Get Info window for selected item(s)
command+option+I	Open File Inspector window
command+D	Duplicate selected item(s)
command+L	Create alias(es) for selected item(s)
command+R (for aliases)	Show target of selected alias ("reveal original")
command+T	Add selected item(s) to Favorites (creates alias in Favorites folder)
command+delete	Move selected item(s) to Trash
command+down arrow	Open item(s); add option key to close current folder
command+up arrow	Switch to enclosing folder (if no windows are open, opens new window to Home); add option key to close current folder
option+right arrow/left arrow (folders in list view)	Toggle disclosure triangle for selected folder(s) open/closed
command+option+right arrow/left arrow (folders in list view)	Toggle disclosure triangle for all folder(s) open/closed

 

Finder: Windows ( Application shortcuts, listed below, also apply to the Finder)

command+N	New Finder window
command+1/2/3	View active window as Icons/List/Columns
control+tab or control+I (in list view)	Change column sorting; cycles columns left to right (add shift key to cycle right to left)
command+B	Show/hide window toolbar for active window
command+shift+C/H/I/A/F	Go to Computer / Home / iDisk / Applications / Favorites in active window (a new window will be opened if necessary)
command+shift+G	Bring up "Go to Folder" dialog in active window (a new window will be opened if necessary)
command+[ or command+]	Go back or forward in window view history
command+W	Close active Finder window
command+option+W	Close all Finder windows

 

Finder: Volumes/Media


command+E

Eject volume/disc

 

Open/Save Dialog Shortcuts


tab	Switch between browser and text fields
arrow keys, page up/down	Navigate in browser
command+N	Create new folder in the current directory
command+D	Change directory to Desktop
command+shift+A	Change directory to /Applications
command+shift+C	Change directory to Computer view (list of volumes)
command+shift+F	Change directory to Favorites folder
command+shift+H	Change directory to Home folder
command+shift+I	Change directory to iDisk (mounts iDisk if necessary)

 

Dock


command+option+D	Toggle Dock auto-hide on/off
command+tab	Cycle through active applications; each tab press while holding command changes the application once. Add the shift key to cycle backwards. As long as you keep the command key pressed, you can also quit or hide applications as you cycle through them.

 

Applications, including the Finder


command+H	Hide current application
command+option+H	Hide all other applications
command+M	Minimize active window to the Dock
command+option+M	Minimize all windows in active application to the Dock
command+`	Cycle through current application's windows (add the shift to cycle backwards)
command+,	Open application preferences dialog (not universal yet, but becoming more common)

 

Screenshot


(By default, screenshots are saved to the Desktop in PDF format; add the control key to any of the combinations below to copy the screenshot to the clipboard instead; you can then paste it into any graphics application -- such as OS X's Preview -- and save it in any format you prefer.)

command+shift+3	Full screenshot
command+shift+4	Crosshair to allow selection of screenshot area
command+shift+4, then spacebar	Camera to capture specific screen object

 

Text-related shortcuts in Cocoa applications

Type bindkey <RETURN> in Terminal for complete list (in the list, ^ means the control key).

 

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© Dan Frakes