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• 28 Oct 12
  

  Liane Lovitt
  • In networked societies:   boundaries are permeable, interactions are with diverse others, connections   switch between multiple networks, and hierarchies can be flatter and recursive.
  • The   human use of these technologies is creating and sustaining community ties. These   ties have transformed cyberspace into cyberplaces, as people   connect online with kindred spirits, engage in supportive and sociable relationships   with them, and imbue their activity online with meaning, belonging and identity.
  • One transition   was the nineteenth/twentieth century move from door-to-door to place-to-place   community relationships. This transition was driven by revolutionary developments   in both transportation and communication. It was a move away from a solidary   group in a single locale to contact between people in different places and   multiple social networks. Households became important centres for networking;   neighbourhoods became less important.
  • Most North Americans   have little interpersonal connection with their neighbourhood; they have less   connection to the social control of a neighbourhood group.⁽⁷⁾   Community interactions have moved inside the private home--where most entertaining,   phone-calling and emailing take place--and away from chatting with patrons in   public spaces such as bars, street corners and coffee shops. Even when people   do go out with others--to restaurants or movie theatres--they usually leave   their neighbourhoods (Lofland 1998).
  • The   person has become the portal.
  • When someone calls a telephone wired into   the telephone network, the phone rings at the place, no matter which   person is being called. Indeed, many place-to-place ties have connected   households as much as individuals. By contrast, mobile phones afford a fundamental   liberation from place, and they soon will be joined by wireless computers and   personalized software.
  • . Online relationships may be filling empty spots in people's   lives now that they no longer can wander to the local pub or café to   take up with their community members.
  • Participating in online community probably   substitutes for television watching more than for anything else (Nie and Erbring   2000
  • , it has made the household more important
  • . Each person is the operator of his/her personal   community network

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• 18 Oct 12
  

  Alexandre Enkerli
• 19 Sep 11
  

  Ted Perlmutter

  networks cyberspace community neighborhood

  • boundaries are permeable, interactions are with diverse others, connections   switch between multiple networks, and hierarchies can be flatter and recursive.
  • "social affordances" of technology: The possibilities that technological   changes afford for social relations and social structure.⁽³⁾
  • Computer-supported communication will be everywhere,   but because it is independent of place, it will be situated nowhere
  • All will be connected to all, either   directly or through short chains of indirect ties.
  • This makes most networked   devices smart; it also makes surveillance easier (Weider 1993; Buderi 2001).
  • Thus personalization   need not mean individual isolation. Collaborative filtering is developing, where   people contribute to evaluations of books, restaurants (Schiesel 2000), politicians,   and movies (e.g., www.movielens.umn.edu/). People can use their filters   and personal agents to find like-minded others and form communities of shared   interest.
  • Even today we carry around with us a mental   list of 1,000 or so souls with whom we know well enough to converse
  • As Charles Tilly has pointed   out, it is easy to project the near past onto the distant past and overestimate   the prevalence of closed, immobile communities:
  • place-independent   communities have always existed, especially among the leisure class, professional   travellers, and hobos
  • This is because   people usually obtain support, companionship, information and a sense of belonging   from those who do not live within the same neighbourhood or even within the   same metropolitan area
  • The ability   to connect with multiple social milieus, with limited involvement in each   milieu
  • such as brokerage ties that   connect multiple networks
  • Physical closeness does not mean social closeness
  • both for   maintaining strong ties of intimacy and weaker ties of acquaintanceship
  • The cost is the loss of a palpably present and visible   local community to provide a strong identity and belonging. The gain is the   increased diversity of opportunity, greater scope for individual agency, and   the freedom from a single group's constrictive control.
  • Rather than being embedded   in one social network, person-to-person interactors are always switching between   networks
  • To net surf, someone must peer intently into a near-by screen   as if praying to a shrine and finger keys as if they were prayer beads.
  • People who withdraw   inward in public space are unsettling, their behaviour signalling that their   bodies, but not personas, are passing through.
  • Mobile phone users are communicating, but their communication   is often disassociated with the physical place which they are in.
  • they are already way stations   on the move to person-to-person community.
  • Online relationships may be filling empty spots in people's   lives now that they no longer can wander to the local pub or café to   take up with their community members
  • The stronger the tie, the more media used
  • Science-fiction author William Gibson   (the inventor of the term"cyberspace") believes that in the near future "people   will pay money for something that will make them believe for a while that they   are not connected" (quoted in Fulford 2000: B2)
  • These "switched-off region[s] of   the world" are in a state of "technological apartheid at the dawn of the Information   Age"
  • This will lead to lessened loads and pleasures of caring
  • What if each person were reading a different version of this paper, because   I have used personal information to tailor the message that I most want you   to receive?
  • The relaxation of constraints on   the size and proximity of one's "communication audience" on the Internet can   increase the diversity of people encountered.
  • The Internet's   very lack of social richness can foster contact with more diverse others
  • This focus   on shared interests rather than on similar characteristics can be empowering   for members of lower-status and disenfranchised groups.
  • cyber space has become cyber place
  • network capital
  • network capital
  • The Impact   of Cyber Space on Community

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