The radiation balance of the Earth system is an accounting of the incoming and outgoing components of radiation
radiant energy is unequally distributed over the Earth.
Over a quarter of the available solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere is reflected or scattered back to space by particulates and clouds before it reaches the ground.
one percent of the energy available at the top of the atmosphere is absorbed by the surface as direct and diffuse solar radiati
direct and diffuse shortwave radiation accounts for the total incoming solar radiation or insolation(K↓).
The proportion of light reflected from a surface is the albedo (a).
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