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We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning.
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Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses.
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06 Jun 16
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In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.
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eductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific.
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ometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach
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e might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interes
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We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test
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We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses
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his ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
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nductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.
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nformally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach
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n inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.
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These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
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from the more general to the more specific
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moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.
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20 Dec 15
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methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches
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Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach
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Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach
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06 Sep 15
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Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific.
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nductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory
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Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses
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most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project.
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14 Jul 15
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31 Jan 15
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. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses
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03 Dec 14
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15 Sep 14
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19 Aug 14
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11 Jul 14
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Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach
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Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach
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we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories
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13 May 14
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06 Feb 14
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01 Dec 13
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28 Sep 13
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26 Aug 13
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Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific.
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might begin with thinking up a theory
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"top-down" approach.
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narrow that down into more specific hypotheses
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narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses
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ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not)
-
works the other way
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from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories
-
"bottom up" approach
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begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.
-
Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning
-
Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses.
-
social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project
-
Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
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18 Aug 13
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12 Aug 13
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29 Apr 13
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09 Apr 13
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05 Mar 13
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04 Mar 13
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15 Feb 13
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most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
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14 Sep 12
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Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. -
Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories.
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05 Jul 12
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29 Jun 12
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08 May 12
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most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project.
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observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
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19 Apr 12
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15 Apr 12
Neil MovoldIn logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.
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01 Feb 12
Yu Yededuction&induction
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses.
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07 Mar 11
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25 Feb 11
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21 Feb 11
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23 Dec 10
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Deduction & Induction
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Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning.
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27 Oct 10
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We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation
-
In inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories
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13 Oct 10
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11 Aug 10
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10 Jul 10
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a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories
-
Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories
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02 Dec 09
Gordon RossInductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach
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<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
Deduction & Induction
Deductive and Inductive Thinking
In logic, we often refer to the two broad methods of reasoning as the deductive and inductive approaches.
Deductive reasoning works from the more general to the more specific. Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test. We narrow down even further when we collect observations to address the hypotheses. This ultimately leads us to be able to test the hypotheses with specific data -- a confirmation (or not) of our original theories.
Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories. Informally, we sometimes call this a "bottom up" approach (please note that it's "bottom up" and not "bottoms up" which is the kind of thing the bartender says to customers when he's trying to close for the night!). In inductive reasoning, we begin with specific observations and measures, begin to detect patterns and regularities, formulate some tentative hypotheses that we can explore, and finally end up developing some general conclusions or theories.These two methods of reasoning have a very different "feel" to them when you're conducting research. Inductive reasoning, by its very nature, is more open-ended and exploratory, especially at the beginning. Deductive reasoning is more narrow in nature and is concerned with testing or confirming hypotheses. Even though a particular study may look like it's purely deductive (e.g., an experiment designed to test the hypothesized effects of some treatment on some outcome), most social research involves both inductive and deductive reasoning processes at some time in the project. In fact, it doesn't take a rocket scientist to see that we could assemble the two graphs above into a single circular one that continually cycles from theories down to observations and back up again to theories. Even in the most constrained experiment, the researchers may observe patterns in the data that lead them to develop new theories.
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31 Aug 08
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24 Jun 08
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26 May 08
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approaches.
Deductive reasoning works from the
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17 Jan 08
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Sometimes this is informally called a "top-down" approach. We might begin with thinking up a theory about our topic of interest. We then narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that we can test.
-
Inductive reasoning works the other way, moving from specific observations to broader generalizations and theories
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29 Nov 07
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16 Aug 07
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