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09 Sep 09
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12 Jun 08
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Why did thousands of people give up the itinerant life of hunting and gathering and cram themselves into houses so tightly packed that they entered through holes in the roofs? Indeed, why did people bother to come together at all, eventually building the towns and cities that so many of the world's people live in today?
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he rise of agriculture required early farmers to stay near their crops and animals. But these new excavations are challenging the long-held assumption that the first settlements and the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and animal domestication were part of a single process--one that the late Australian archaeologist V. Gordon Childe dubbed the "Neolithic Revolution" (see p. 1446). Çatalhöyük and other sites across the Near East are making it clear that these explanations are too simple and that other factors--including, possibly, a shared cultural revolution that preceded the rise of farming--might also have played a key role.
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Permanent settlements developed independently in several parts of the world, including the Near East, China, and the Americas.
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Why did the people cram their houses together rather than spread them out across the landscape?
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Thus the earliest cities in Mesopotamia--such as Uruk--were made possible by agricultural surpluses that allowed some people to quit farming and become full-time artisans, priests, or members of other professions
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division of labor
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14 Apr 08
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18 Jun 07
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27 Sep 06
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