Cloning Fact Sheet

25 Oct 13

martind18

18 Oct 13

Caleb Kingdom

17 Oct 13

bman99

15 Oct 13

Dan Liotta

09 Oct 13

Trevor Wood

freeswimmer13

ahlschlagerm18

26 May 13

Konstantinos

22 May 13

ally hinsey

improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large. Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age. Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long-term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously. For example, Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death.
In 2002, researchers at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts, reported that the genomes of cloned mice are compromised. In analyzing more than 10,000 liver and placenta cells of cloned mice, they discovered that about 4% of genes function abnormally. The abnormalities do not arise from mutations in the genes but from changes in the normal activation or expression of certain genes.
Problems also may result from programming errors in the genetic material from a donor cell. When an embryo is created from the union of a sperm and an egg, the embryo receives copies of most genes from both parents. A process called "imprinting" chemically marks the DNA from the mother and father so that only one copy of a gene (either the maternal or paternal gene) is turned on. Defects in the genetic imprint of DNA from a single donor cell may lead to some of the developmental abnormalities of cloned embryos.

14 Apr 13

Natalie D

Cloning Fact Sheet, en anglais
Liens intéressants d'articles scientifiques, d'autres sites institutionnels, en anglais
Publié par le département de l'Energie des Etats-Unis, Human Genome Project (Site sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of ScienceOffice of Biological and Environmental Research, Human Genome Program)
Degré de crédibilité: haute
Degré de neutralité des auteurs, indépendance, et expertise des auteurs: haute
Adéquation avec notre projet: oui
Qualité de la bibliographie: faible
Dernière mise à jour: 11/05/2009 ("fraicheur" du site: haute)

Cloning genetics DNA biology ethics

19 Mar 13

coltonrainsberry

Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days. The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst. The extraction process destroys the embryo, which raises a variety of ethical concerns. Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases
In November 2001, scientists from Advanced Cell Technologies (ACT), a biotechnology company in Massachusetts, announced that they had cloned the first human embryos for the purpose of advancing therapeutic research. To do this, they collected eggs from women's ovaries and then removed the genetic material from these eggs with a needle less than 2/10,000th of an inch wide. A skin cell was inserted inside the enucleated egg to serve as a new nucleus. The egg began to divide after it was stimulated with a chemical called ionomycin. The results were limited in success. Although this process was carried out with eight eggs, only three began dividing, and only one was able to divide into six cells before stopping.
If the low success rates can be improved (Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries), reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities. For example, drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass produced.
Therapeutic cloning technology may some day be used in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. Much work still needs to be done before therapeutic cloning can become a realistic option for the treatment of disorders.
Scientists have been cloning animals for many years. In 1952, the first animal, a tadpole, was cloned. Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells. Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur. See Cloned Animals below. All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology.
Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced.

4 more annotations...

11 Mar 13

Kariann Fenoglio

This source discusses what cloning is and how cloning technology can be used. It talks about gene therapy, reproductive cloning, and therapeutic cloning. It also discusses the benefits of each. This source will be useful when discussing benefits of cloning as well as defining what cloning is.

The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease
Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research
Gene therapy can be used to treat certain genetic conditions by introducing virus vectors that carry corrected copies of faulty genes into the cells of a host organism
reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities. For example, drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass produced.
Reproductive cloning also could be used to repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed.
Therapeutic cloning technology may some day be used in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.
Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants.

5 more annotations...

08 Mar 13

Cheyenne F

The possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring
. Defects in the genetic imprint of DNA from a single donor cell may lead to some of the developmental abnormalities of cloned embryos.

1 more annotation...

01 Mar 13

henrypage

Cloning Research Page

25 Feb 13

Rebecca Hutchison

16 Jan 13

jessie morschhauser

Haley Nedegaard

31 Dec 12

marthasemanko

biology ethics human genetics cloning DNA

12 Dec 12

Isaiah Tala

cloning biology

cloning types of

07 Dec 12

Jordan Ragsdale

23 Oct 12

calderonek17

Therapeutic Cloning

22 Oct 12

beasleym17a

cloning fact sheet

many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans.
Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with "large-offspring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions. Several cloned animals have died prematurely from infections and other complications. The same problems would be expected in human cloning. In addition, scientists do not know how cloning could impact mental development. While factors such as intellect and mood may not be as important for a cow or a mouse, they are crucial for the development of healthy humans. With so many unknowns concerning reproductive cloning, the attempt to clone humans at this time is considered potentially dangerous and ethically irresponsible.

squirtrenae

cloning genetics DNA human biology ethics world brave

What are the risks of cloning?
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring.
higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders.
cloned mice live in poor health and die early.
a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young
many of them were abnormally large.
Clones have been known to die mysteriously
10,000 liver and placenta cells of cloned mice, they discovered that about 4% of genes function abnormally.
When an embryo is created from the union of a sperm and an egg, the embryo receives copies of most genes from both parents.
Defects in the genetic imprint of DNA from a single donor cell may lead to some of the developmental abnormalities of cloned embryos.
Should humans be cloned?
believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans.
Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with "large-offspring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions.
died prematurely from infections and other complications.
mental development.

13 more annotations...

18 Oct 12

janzk17a

cloning

lauren gerwick

DNA cloning,
DNA Cloning
therapeutic cloning.
one organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid.
a common practice in molecular biology labs
technology
since the 1970s,
molecular cloning
"gene cloning"
bacterial plasmids to generate multiple copies of the same gene
a particular gene
elf-replicating extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules,
today.
types of cloning vectors
cut with the same restriction enzymes.
it is called a "recombinant DNA molecule."
Reproductive Cloning
Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal.
a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT),
The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division.
female host where it continues to develop until birth.
Some of the clone's genetic materials come from the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the enucleated egg.
Acquired mutations in mitochondrial DNA are believed to play an important role in the aging process.
Therapeutic Cloning
"embryo cloning,"
is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease.
Before this demonstration, scientists believed that once a cell became specialized as a liver, heart, udder, bone, or any other type of cell, the change was permanent and other unneeded genes in the cell would become inactive.
Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days.
The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst.
cause the high rates of death, deformity, and disability observed among animal clones.
replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases.
that they had cloned the first human embryos for the purpose of advancing therapeutic research.
a needle less than 2/10,000th of an inch wide
stimulated with a chemical called ionomycin.
out with eight eggs, only three began dividing, and only one was able to divide into six cells before stopping.
virus vectors that carry corrected copies of faulty genes into the cells of a host organism.
low success rates can be improved (Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries), reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities.
from embryonic cells.
he process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.
DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg
transformed into any type of tissue
starts to divide
generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient
without the risk of tissue rejection.
he need for organ donation could be significantly reduced.
Advanced Cell Technology (ACT)
stopped developing after dividing into six cells.
successfully transplanted kidney-like organs into cows.
no sign of immune rejection was observed in the transplant recipient.
xenotransplantation
is expensive and highly inefficient.
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring.
100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone.
Clones have been known to die mysteriously.
autopsy failed to determine a cause of death.
In 2002, researchers at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts,
that about 4% of genes function abnormally
A process called "imprinting"
a single donor cell may lead to some of the developmental abnormalities of cloned embryos.
Several cloned animals have died prematurely from infections and other complications.

58 more annotations...

howardj16372

Ethics Genetic Engineering Cloning

To "clone a gene," a DNA fragment containing the gene of interest is isolated from chromosomal DNA
Dolly or any other animal created using nuclear transfer technology is not truly an identical clone of the donor animal.
Dolly's success is truly remarkable because it proved that the genetic material from a specialized adult cell
(Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries)
Hundreds of cloned animals exist today
Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants
Problems also may result from programming errors in the genetic material from a donor cell

5 more annotations...

beiler17

cloning genetics DNA human biology ethics world brave

cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring
expensive and highly inefficient
cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders
cloned mice live in poor health and die early.
a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large.
not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age.
Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death.
die mysteriously
10,000 liver and placenta cells of cloned mice, they discovered that about 4% of genes function abnormally.

7 more annotations...

owensb17

human cloning

oreomints99

cloning DNA biology

can then be propagated in a foreign host cell
DNA fragment containing the gene of interest
clone a gene
isolated from chromosomal DNA
then united with a plasmid
restriction enzymes
it is called a "recombinant DNA molecule."
Reproductive cloning
technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal.
process
somatic cell nuclear transfer
transfer
adult cell
to an egg
genetic material from the nucleus
Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage
is transferred to the uterus
female host
embryo cloning
for use in
research.
The goal of this process is
production of human embryos
production of human embryo
to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease
not to create cloned human beings

24 more annotations...

17 Oct 12

Nathan E

tateb20

foxa17a

hoffmank17

cloning human DNA

Kayla Chatley

cloning fact sheet

jonest17

15 Oct 12

wayr17

Genomics.energy.gov Cloning site

genetics DNA cloning

There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism
recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning,
reproductive cloning
therapeutic cloning
Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology. In a process called "somatic cell nuclear transfer" (SCNT), scientists transfer genetic material from the nucleus of a donor adult cell to an egg whose nucleus, and thus its genetic material, has been removed.
The reconstructed egg containing the DNA from a donor cell must be treated with chemicals or electric current in order to stimulate cell division. Once the cloned embryo reaches a suitable stage, it is transferred to the uterus of a female host where it continues to develop until birth.
), reproductive cloning can be used to develop efficient ways to reliably reproduce animals with special qualities. For example, drug-producing animals or animals that have been genetically altered to serve as models for studying human disease could be mass produced.
Dolly was only one success out of 276 tries
If the low success rates can be improved (
Since Dolly, researchers have cloned a number of large and small animals including sheep, goats, cows, mice, pigs, cats, rabbits, and a gaur.
Hundreds of cloned animals exist today, but the number of different species is limited. Attempts at cloning certain species have been unsuccessful. Some species may be more resistant to somatic cell nuclear transfer than others. The process of stripping the nucleus from an egg cell and replacing it with the nucleus of a donor cell is a traumatic one, and improvements in cloning technologies may be needed before many species can be cloned successfully.
Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced.
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders. Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large. Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age. Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long-term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously.
Due to the inefficiency of animal cloning (only about 1 or 2 viable offspring for every 100 experiments) and the lack of understanding about reproductive cloning, many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans. Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with "large-offspring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions.

12 more annotations...

04 Oct 12

westt17b

Mrs. Witherell

bakerk24

facts about human cloning

ia report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.
When the med

stucken17a

krizona17

cloning project

marziks17

What is cloning? are there different types of cloning?

cloning world brave human DNA genetics

cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning.
(1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

Celebrity Sheep Died at Age 6

Dolly, the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA, was put down by lethal injection Feb. 14, 2003. Prior to her death, Dolly had been suffering from lung cancer and crippling arthritis. Although most Finn Dorset sheep live to be 11 to 12 years of age, postmortem examination of Dolly seemed to indicate that, other than her cancer and arthritis, she appeared to be quite normal. The unnamed sheep from which Dolly was cloned had died several years prior to her creation. Dolly was a mother to six lambs, bred the old-fashioned way.

More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring.
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient.
In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders.
More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone.
cloned mice live in poor health and die early.
About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large.
Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age.
The U.S. Congress has considered the passage of legislation that could ban human cloning.
Due to the inefficiency of animal cloning (only about 1 or 2 viable offspring for every 100 experiments) and the lack of understanding about reproductive cloning, many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans.

10 more annotations...

15 Jun 12

violetjyt

producing the genetic twin
Only the clone's chromosomal or nuclear DNA is the same as the donor
clone's genetic materials come from the mitochondria in the cytoplasm of the enucleated egg
humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases
Alzheimer's or Parkinson's
realistic option for the treatment of disorders

4 more annotations...

13 Jun 12

tori ortega

This page is all about the different types of cloning, the cloning that has been done, cloning human organs, and the risks of cloning.

stem cells cloning

01 May 12

Terra Carmichael

Clning FAQ

30 Apr 12

Kyle P

29 Apr 12

John C

24 Apr 12

Maya Y

05 Apr 12

Brendan K

cloning brave new world Unit 12: Growth Reproduction and Genetics

04 Apr 12

barbdwhite

Trevor S

It has facts and can tell about experience and what it takes.

Brady S

01 Apr 12

Tami Gilbeaux

genetics cloning

22 Mar 12

Mary Kate M

This website explains the different types of cloning.

19 Mar 12

Shannon G

1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

08 Mar 12

Annika K

07 Mar 12

Forrest R

01 Mar 12

breanneu

Another potential application of cloning to organ transplants is the creation of genetically modified pigs from which organs suitable for human transplants could be harvested . The transplant of organs and tissues from animals to humans is called xenotransplantation

21 Feb 12

Beth Hammes

genetics

19 Feb 12

Cole Maddox

nuclear transfer technology
Before the creation of Dolly, the first mammal cloned from the cell of an adult animal, clones were created from embryonic cells.
All these clones were created using nuclear transfer technology
somatic cell nuclear transfer than others.

2 more annotations...

15 Feb 12

tevin hawthorne

The possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also generated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material

10 Feb 12

Lexi Hartloff

cloning genetics

09 Feb 12

Payton Arganbright

Cloning Fact Sheet
Introduction
What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?
How can cloning technologies be used?
What animals have been cloned?
Can organs be cloned for use in transplants?
What are the risks of cloning?
Should humans be cloned?
The possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. The feat, cited by Science magazine as the breakthrough of 1997, also gener
ated uncertainty over the meaning of "cloning" --an umbrella term traditionally used by scientists to describe different processes for duplicating biological material.
What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?
Reproductive Cloning
Recombinant DNA Technology or DNA Cloning
Therapeutic Cloning

12 more annotations...

08 Feb 12

Gabriel R

03 Feb 12

Megan R

Includes stories of cloned animals. Talks about different types of cloning.

cloning brave new world Unit 12: Growth Reproduction and Genetics

Haley Knauff

02 Feb 12

Lindsey Lee L

cloning facts

30 Jan 12

Jessica Jones

Cloning

research

When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

23 Jan 12

Sara Gannett

more facts.......

Therapeutic Cloning
Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days. The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst. The extraction process destroys the embryo, which raises a variety of ethical concerns. Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases. See more on the potential use of cloning in organ transplants.
Can organs be cloned for use in transplants?

Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced.
The team of researchers created a cloned cow embryo by removing the DNA from an egg cell and then injecting the DNA from the skin cell of the donor cow's ear. Since little is known about manipulating embryonic stem cells from cows, the scientists let the cloned embryos develop into fetuses. The scientists then harvested fetal tissue from the clones and transplanted it into the donor cow. In the three months of observation following the transplant, no sign of immune rejection was observed in the transplant recipient.
Another potential application of cloning to organ transplants is the creation of genetically modified pigs from which organs suitable for human transplants could be harvested . The transplant of organs and tissues from animals to humans is called xenotransplantation.
What are the risks of cloning?

Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient. More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring. More than 100 nuclear transfer procedures could be required to produce one viable clone. In addition to low success rates, cloned animals tend to have more compromised immune function and higher rates of infection, tumor growth, and other disorders.
Japanese studies have shown that cloned mice live in poor health and die early. About a third of the cloned calves born alive have died young, and many of them were abnormally large. Many cloned animals have not lived long enough to generate good data about how clones age. Appearing healthy at a young age unfortunately is not a good indicator of long-term survival. Clones have been known to die mysteriously. For example, Australia's first cloned sheep appeared healthy and energetic on the day she died, and the results from her autopsy failed to determine a cause of death.
Monday, May 11, 2009

5 more annotations...

07 Dec 11

John Karras

Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly" (Nature 385, 810-13, 1997), aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications.
More than 90% of cloning attempts fail to produce viable offspring.
Reproductive cloning is expensive and highly inefficient.
Physicians from the American Medical Association and scientists with the American Association for the Advancement of Science have issued formal public statements advising against human reproductive cloning.

2 more annotations...

Kunaal Bhargava

fact sheet cloning

01 Dec 11

John Z

Provides a lot of information on cloning. Pros, cons, and general information on cloning

Information Pros Cons Cloning

perezama16 P

Animal Cloning

30 Nov 11

einweale16 E

25 Nov 11

Brian Wood

cloning webquest

18 Nov 11

lebanaly16 L

cloning brave new world Unit 12: Growth Reproduction and Genetics

02 Nov 11

Nathan Janusweski

Introduction

28 Oct 11

luke jenkins

types of cloning

What is cloning? Are there different types of cloning?
The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.

15 Oct 11

Alexander M

cloning genetics DNA biology ethics human BiologyUnits3&4 SAC

Reproductive Cloning

02 Oct 11

Sarah Bacon

Biology 12

30 Sep 11

Anita Cellucci

29 Sep 11

tosca little

Science week

possibility of human cloning
sheep "Dolly
cottish scientists at Roslin Institute
1997)
worldwide interest
scientific and ethical implications
escribe different processes for duplicating biological material
animals

6 more annotations...

28 Sep 11

jamiea1869

house_of_the_scorpion

26 Sep 11

Markus H

states facts about cloning and answers questions about cloning

16 Sep 11

Connor G

This site provide lots of info on cloning

15 Sep 11

Mark V

This website tells you about cloning.

Cloning Controversy Assessment

Justin H

Another website I used for the topics of controversy, good for health risks.

05 Sep 11

Danielle Gulack

Therapeutic cloning, also called "embryo cloning," is the production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. Stem cells are important to biomedical researchers because they can be used to generate virtually any type of specialized cell in the human body. Stem cells are extracted from the egg after it has divided for 5 days. The egg at this stage of development is called a blastocyst. The extraction process destroys the embryo, which raises a variety of ethical concerns. Many researchers hope that one day stem cells can be used to serve as replacement cells to treat heart disease, Alzheimer's, cancer, and other diseases.

sh-lea

ENG 122 genomics

Genetic Counseling
Ethical, Legal,
Social Issues
When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning
Scientists hope that one day therapeutic cloning can be used to generate tissues and organs for transplants. To do this, DNA would be extracted from the person in need of a transplant and inserted into an enucleated egg. After the egg containing the patient's DNA starts to divide, embryonic stem cells that can be transformed into any type of tissue would be harvested. The stem cells would be used to generate an organ or tissue that is a genetic match to the recipient. In theory, the cloned organ could then be transplanted into the patient without the risk of tissue rejection. If organs could be generated from cloned human embryos, the need for organ donation could be significantly reduced.
Due to the inefficiency of animal cloning (only about 1 or 2 viable offspring for every 100 experiments) and the lack of understanding about
reproductive cloning, many scientists and physicians strongly believe that it would be unethical to attempt to clone humans. Not only do most attempts to clone mammals fail, about 30% of clones born alive are affected with "large-offspring syndrome" and other debilitating conditions.
reproductive cloning, many scientists and

3 more annotations...

02 Sep 11

Joey Lataster