Understanding MARC Bibliographic: Parts 1 to 6 - The Diigo Meta page

• 06 Apr 18
  

  ebu238
  • bibliographic information  (author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field
  • the same length
  • longer physical  descriptions
  • prevents duplication  of work and allows libraries to better share bibliographic resource
  • acquire cataloging data
  • ommercially  available library automation systems to manage library operation

  4 more annotations...

• 15 Mar 18
  

  lieslwerner

  library catalog

• 31 Jan 18
  

  thatlibrarylady

  IM626 SCSU Cataloging

• 25 Sep 17
  

  nlp014

  MARC

• 23 Aug 17
  

  Janine Godfrey

  MARC cataloging library bibliographic catalog understanding

• 

  jangelar

  MARC Record MARC cataloging library catalog bibliographic

• 14 Mar 17
  

  rebeccatobler2

  Furrie, B. (2009). What is a MARC record, and why is it important?

  ETL505 MARC21 AARC

• 26 Sep 16
  

  Phu Tu
• 12 Sep 16
  

  Megan Sutton

  Cat.

• 01 Aug 16
  

  ddekock

  ETL505 MARC

  • MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.
  • a computer, can read and interpret  the data
  • The computer needs a means of interpreting the  information found on a cataloging record.
  • called a "field."
  • hy one standard? You  could devise your own method of organizing the bibliographic information,  but you would be isolating your library, limiting its options, and creating  much more work for yourself.
  • Using the MARC standard also enables libraries to make use of commercially  available library automation systems to manage library operations.
  • FIELDS are marked  by TAGS
  • Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag."

  • Some fields are further  defined by INDICATORS.

     
  • It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#".
  • 14
  • 1
  • "4" so that the first four characters (the "T," the "h," the "e," and  the space) will be skipped
  • subfield: Most  fields contain several related pieces of data
  • $a 675 p
  • delimiter
  • subfield codes are $a for  the extent
  • CONTENT DESIGNATORS
  • ags divided by hundreds.
  • Access points:
  • "Authority  control" means following a recognized or established  form.
  • "local authority control." Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.
  • Many librarians have chosen to  maximize limited resources by acquiring cataloging data rather than creating  it themselves.
  • Once computers became available, it was no longer necessary for librarians  everywhere to constantly "reinvent the wheel."
  • the contents of the bibliographic records will determine the  success of a library's automated operations to a very great extent, for  you and your patrons. It is very important to ensure receipt of the highest  quality records available.

  23 more annotations...

• 07 Jul 16
  

  Anna van Someren

  MARC cataloging

• 30 Jan 16
  

  Rhonda Howard
  • 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number. (MARC  records often contain much additional information.)
  • 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number. (MARC  records often contain much additional information.)
  • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
  •   marks the physical description (often  referred to as the "collation" when describing books)
  • An outline of those 10% of the tags which are used most frequently is  included with this brochure in Part VII.  A brief list of some of the other tags is included in Part  VIII.
  • Indicators: Two  character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001  through 009). One or both of these character positions may be used for  indicators.
  • In some fields, only the first or second position is used;  in some fields, both are used; and in some fields, like the 020 and 300  fields, neither is used.
  • It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#".
  • Even though two indicators  together may look like a 2-digit number, they really are two single-digit  numbers.
  • first indicator value of 1 in the title  field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the  catalog.
  • Nonfiling characters: One of the more interesting  indicators is the second indicator for the title field. It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.  For the title The emperor's new clothes, the second indicator  is set to "4" so that the first four characters (the "T," the "h," the "e," and  the space) will be skipped and the title will be filed under "emperor's."
  • A subfield: Most  fields contain several related pieces of data. Each type of data within  the field is called a subfield, and each subfield is  preceded by a subfield code. Fields 001 through 009  have no subfields.
  • A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields.
  • The three kinds of content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield  codes -- are the keys to the MARC 21 notation system. In his book, MARC  for Library Use (2nd ed. (Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1989), p. 5),  Walt Crawford calls the MARC system a "shorthand notation" system.  The three types of content designators are the shorthand symbols that  label and explain the bibliographic record.

  • A.  Tags divided by hundreds. The basic divisions  of the MARC 21 bibliographic record are:

                                                                                             

    	0XX		Control information, numbers, codes
    	1XX		Main entry
    	2XX		Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of  responsibility, edition, and publication information )
    	3XX		Physical description, etc.
    	4XX		Series statements (as shown in the book)
    	5XX		Notes
    	6XX		Subject added entries
    	7XX		Added entries other than subject or series
    	8XX		Series added entries (other authoritative forms)
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers. Local libraries, vendors, or systems can define and use them  for attaching other types of information to records. (X9Xs in each  of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use,  except 490.)

  • B. Access points: Access  points (a main entry, subject added entries, and other added entries)  are an important part of the bibliographic record. These are the headings  for which separate cards were created for the traditional card catalog,  and which a patron or librarian can search in an online catalog. Most  of the access points are in:

                                                     

    	1XX		fields (main entries)
    	4XX		fields (series statements)
    	6XX		fields (subject headings)
    	7XX		fields (added entries other than subject or series)
    	8XX		fields (series added entries)
  • "Authority  control" means following a recognized or established  form. Usually, a cataloger chooses subject and name headings from  a list of approved headings. In a conversation, if you talked about  visiting the "Getty Museum" and the "J. Paul Getty  Museum" in California, your listener would know you meant  the same thing. But if a cataloger sometimes uses "Getty Museum" and  other times uses "J. Paul Getty Museum" as headings in  a catalog, the library user will have a difficult time finding  all the books on that subject. If a cataloger follows the Library  of Congress's list of established forms for names, he or she will  use the heading "J. Paul Getty Museum." As long as the  cataloger always uses one established form, all the books on that  museum will be found in one place in the catalog.
  • http://authorities.loc.gov
  • What is more important on the computer-based library catalog is what  is termed "local authority control." Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.  In that way, all headings for the same person or same subject will  be entered exactly the same way -- which is the point of authority  control
  • "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form -- such  as shelflist cards or a brief circulation record -- to full machine-readable  bibliographic records.
  •   X00     Personal names       X10     Corporate names       X11     Meeting names       X30     Uniform titles       X40     Bibliographic titles       X50     Topical terms       X51     Geographic names
  • if the subject of the book is a topic  (Railroads), the tag will be 650
  • A. Leader: The  leader is the first 24 characters of the record.
  • B. Directory: MARC  records are called "tagged" records.
  • immediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory.  This directory tells what tags are in the record and where they are  placed (by a count of the characters to the position where each field  begins).
  • C. The 008  field: The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes. Its 40 characters contain  important information, but in an abbreviated form.
  • The details required for interpreting the 008  field for books are in Part X.
  • Cataloging in Publication (CIP)  data found on the verso of the title page of many books.
  • After the MARC record was developed, libraries shared in the benefits  of machine-readable cataloging whether they had an online system or not.  The cards, purchased from the Library of Congress or from a jobber, were  computer-printed from bibliographic records based on Library of Congress  MARC files.

  28 more annotations...

• 01 Oct 15
  

  Stephen Reichlen

  LIS CUA Fall 2015 Information Science libraries 551

  • 010 tag    marks the Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)    020 tag     marks the International Standard Book Number (ISBN)    100 tag     marks a personal name main entry (author)    245 tag     marks the title information (which  includes the title, other title information, and the statement of  responsibility)    250 tag     marks the edition    260 tag     marks the publication information    300 tag     marks the physical description (often  referred to as the "collation" when describing books)    490 tag     marks the series statement    520 tag     marks the annotation or summary note    650 tag     marks a topical subject heading    700 tag     marks a personal name added entry (joint  author, editor, or illustrator)
• 25 Jul 15
  

  Amanda Bond

  MARC cataloging library understanding cataloguing ETL505

• 24 Jul 15
  

  caffeneko

  MARC cataloging library bibliographic catalog libraries understanding cataloguing

• 06 Jul 15
  

  MsYee Library

  UBC MARC cataloging

• 27 Jun 15
  

  Djun Ett
  • 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number. (MARC  records often contain much additional information.)
  • includes the title, statement  of responsibility, edition, material specific details, publication information,  physical description, series, notes, and standard numbers.
  • title  main entry" item (no author)
  • ears List of Subject Headings (Sears),  the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), or some  other list
  • means of interpreting the  information found on a cataloging record.
  • each MARC  record contains a little "table of contents" to the record
  • Using the MARC standard prevents duplication  of work and allows libraries to better share bibliographic resources
  • more efficient  use of computer storage space.
  • under Format Integration, one group of tags is used for records of all  types of materials rather than having a tag set defined for each type.
  • may show the tag immediately followed by  indicators (making it appear to be a 4- or 5-digit number), the tag is  always the first 3 digits.
  • Two  character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001  through 009)
  • When an indicator position is not used, that  indicator is referred to as "undefined" and the position is  left blank.
  • represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#"
  • letters are uncommon
  • they really are two single-digit  numbers.
  • A first indicator value of 1 in the title  field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the  catalog.
  • A first indicator value of 0 would mean that a title  main entry is involved;
  • the second indicator  is set to "4" so that the first four characters (the "T," the "h," the "e," and  the space) will be skipped and the title will be filed under "emperor's."
  • Fields 001 through 009  have no subfields
  • Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter.
  • 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers
  • X9Xs in each  of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use,  except 490.
  • Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.

  21 more annotations...

• 19 Feb 15
  

  Laurel E

  access points CB_proj

• 20 Jan 15
  

  Kelly Donaldson
• 01 Oct 14
  

  yonker

  MARC cataloging library

• 04 Aug 14
  

  Michelle Lawler

  How MARC works

  MARC cataloging library bibliographic understanding

• 01 Aug 14
  

  Sylvie Holmes

  MARC library bibliographic catalog libraries cataloguing catalogue

• 21 May 14
  

  Teague Allen

  ifttt delicious MARC cataloging libraries

• 13 Apr 14
  

  Kelly Davis

  MARC cataloging library

  • "Format Integration" means that the same "signposts" are  used to mark data in records for all types of publications, rather than  having different sets of "signposts" for each type. More technically,  under Format Integration, one group of tags is used for records of all  types of materials rather than having a tag set defined for each type.
  • Each  bibliographic record is divided logically into fields.
  • These fields  are subdivided into one or more "subfields."
  • represented by 3-digit tags.
  • Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag." A  tag identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows.
  • The Cataloging Distribution Service of the Library of Congress distributes  a detailed listing of all tags in both the 2-volume publication MARC  21 Format for Bibliographic Data and a summarized single volume  work entitled MARC 21 Concise Formats
  • In the MARC record, 10% of the tags are used over and over, and the  other 90% are seen only occasionally or rarely.
  • An outline of those 10% of the tags which are used most frequently is  included with this brochure in Part VII.  A brief list of some of the other tags is included in Part  VIII.
  • Two  character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001  through 009).
  • In the example which follows, the  first 3 digits are the tag (245 defines this as a title field) and  the next 2 digits (a 1 and a 4) are indicator values. The 1 is the  first indicator; 4 is the second indicator.
  • A first indicator value of 1 in the title  field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the  catalog.
  • It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.
  • Most  fields contain several related pieces of data. Each type of data within  the field is called a subfield, and each subfield is  preceded by a subfield code. Fields 001 through 009  have no subfields.
  • Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter.
  • Different  software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter  on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger (),  an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($),  an underline ( _ ), or the graphic symbol "".
  • The three kinds of content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield  codes -- are the keys to the MARC 21 notation system.
  • Walt Crawford calls the MARC system a "shorthand notation" system.
  • There are some general rules that help define what all the numbers used  as field tags mean.
  • Please note that in discussions of MARC 21 tags,  the notation XX is often used to refer to a group of related tags. For  example, 1XX refers to all the tags in the 100s: 100, 110, 130, and so  on.
  • The basic divisions  of the MARC 21 bibliographic record are:
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers.
  • These are the headings  for which separate cards were created for the traditional card catalog,  and which a patron or librarian can search in an online catalog. Most  of the access points are in:
  • "Authority  control" means following a recognized or established  form.
  • Usually, a cataloger chooses subject and name headings from  a list of approved headings.
  • For names, the best authority is the Library of Congress Name Authority  file.
  • This file is available in machine-readable format from the Cataloging  Distribution Service (CDS) of the Library of Congress or online at http://authorities.loc.gov.
  • For topics or geographic names, the common subject authority lists  are the Library of Congress Subject Headings or the Sears  List of Subject Headings.
  • What is more important on the computer-based library catalog is what  is termed "local authority control." Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.
  • The term "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form -- such  as shelflist cards or a brief circulation record -- to full machine-readable  bibliographic records.
  • The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes. Its 40 characters contain  important information, but in an abbreviated form.
  • Once computers became available, it was no longer necessary for librarians  everywhere to constantly "reinvent the wheel."

  29 more annotations...

• 14 Feb 14
  

  Leslie Rains

  WHAT IS A MARC RECORD,
  AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
  
  Part I: What Does MARC Mean?
  Part II: Why Is a MARC Record Necessary?
  Part III: MARC Terms and Their Definitions
  Part IV: Where do MARC Records Originate?
  Part V: MARC Data Issues
  Part VI: In Conclusion
  
  It is impossible these days to read a library journal, attend a library conference, or even have an informal chat with other librarians without hearing the phrases "MARC format," "MARC records," or "MARC-compatible." Many library professionals have not had an opportunity to take formal courses explaining the important topics of library automation and the role of MARC, yet automated library systems may be important parts of their libraries.
  
  This booklet will explain -- in the simplest terms possible -- what a MARC record is, and it will provide the basic information needed to understand and evaluate a MARC record.

• 04 Feb 14
  

  Jessica Fontaine

  for EDU 501

  MARC cataloging library libraries resources

  • MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record
  • can read and interpret  the data in the cataloging record
  • bibliographic record, or the information traditionally  shown on a catalog card. The record includes (not necessarily in this  order): 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number
  • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed
  • paragraph sections of a card
  • title, statement  of responsibility, edition, material specific details, publication information,  physical description, series, notes, and standard numbers.
  • Access  points are the retrieval points in the library catalog where patrons  should be able to look up the item
  • For this book, should there be entries in the catalog for more than  one author or more than one title? Should the title of the series be  noted? How should the author's name be written? Is this a "title  main entry" item (no author)?
  • Use of an approved list is important for  consistency, to ensure that all items on a particular subject are found  under the same heading and therefore in the same place in the catalog.
  • The  patron does not have to imagine all the possible synonyms for the word  he is looking for.
  • The purpose of the call number is to place items  on the same subject together on the same shelf in the library
  • he MARC record contains  a guide to its data, or little "signposts," before each  piece of bibliographic information.
  • The place provided for each of these pieces of bibliographic information  (author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field."
  • each MARC  record contains a little "table of contents"
  • Data "signposts:" The  computer must have assistance if it is to read and interpret the bibliographic  record.
  • Using the MARC standard prevents duplication  of work and allows libraries to better share bibliographic resources.
  • A comparison of the same record with textual information and with MARC  tags illustrates the compactness of the MARC 21 format.
  • The MARC 21 format uses "260" "$a" "$b" and "$c" to  mark the field that holds imprint data instead of storing the words "publication  area," "place of publication," "name of publisher," and "date  of publication" in each record. This convention makes more efficient  use of computer storage space
  • The emphasis will be on those areas commonly used  in cataloging for schools
  • under Format Integration, one group of tags is used for records of all  types of materials rather than having a tag set defined for each type.
  • The proper  names of these "signposts" are field, tag, indicator, subfield, subfield  code, and content designator
  • Each  bibliographic record is divided logically into fields
  • fields  are subdivided into one or more "subfields."
  • they are represented by 3-digit tags
  • Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag
  • The tags used most frequently are:
  • 10% of the tags are used over and over, and the  other 90% are seen only occasionally or rarely
  • Librarians who work with MARC records soon memorize  the numbers for the fields common to the materials they catalog
  • Two  character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001  through 009). One or both of these character positions may be used for  indicators.
  • It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#"
  • Even though two indicators  together may look like a 2-digit number, they really are two single-digit  numbers
  • first 3 digits are the tag (245 defines this as a title field) and  the next 2 digits (a 1 and a 4) are indicator values
  • A first indicator value of 1 in the title  field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the  catalog.
  • One of the more interesting  indicators is the second indicator for the title field. It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.  For the title The emperor's new clothes, the second indicator  is set to "4" so that the first four characters (the "T," the "h," the "e," and  the space) will be skipped and the title will be filed under "emperor's.
  • Each type of data within  the field is called a subfield, and each subfield is  preceded by a subfield code.
  • delimiter is a character used to separate subfields
  • In the example above, the subfield codes are $a for  the extent, $b for other physical details, and $c for  dimensions
  • three kinds of content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield  codes -- are the keys to the MARC 21 notation system
  • The three types of content designators are the shorthand symbols that  label and explain the bibliographic record
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers. Local libraries, vendors, or systems can define and use them  for attaching other types of information to records.
  • headings  for which separate cards were created for the traditional card catalog,  and which a patron or librarian can search in an online catalog
  • As long as the  cataloger always uses one established form, all the books on that  museum will be found in one place in the catalog.
  • Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.  In that way, all headings for the same person or same subject will  be entered exactly the same way -- which is the point of authority  control.
  • "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form -- such  as shelflist cards or a brief circulation record -- to full machine-readable  bibliographic records
  • The fields requiring authority control  are also the fields that use parallel tag construction
  • Therefore, for a main entry (1XX)  that is a personal name (X00), the correct tag is 100
  •   X00     Personal names       X10     Corporate names       X11     Meeting names       X30     Uniform titles       X40     Bibliographic titles       X50     Topical terms       X51     Geographic names
  • The  leader is the first 24 characters of the record
  • MARC  records are called "tagged" records
  • The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes
  • can be used to identify and retrieve records matching specific  criteria.
  • For example, there is a code in this field to indicate whether a book  is large-print, a code to identify the country of publication, a code  to identify juvenile materials, a code to indicate the language of  the text, and so on
  • Colleges and universities with large library budgets joined bibliographic  utilities such as OCLC, WLN, RLIN, and A-G Canada.
  • powerful, inexpensive computers are  available for the management of library operations in all types and sizes  of libraries.
  • Although the MARC format was originally developed by the Library of Congress  and the MARC 21 format documentation is maintained and published there,  the Library does not make changes or revisions unilaterally.
  • The Machine-Readable  Bibliographic Information (MARBI) Committee is a committee of the American  Library Association (ALA) and is composed of three representatives from  each of the three function-oriented divisions of ALA: ALCTS (technical  services function); LITA (automation); and RUSA (reference).
  • MARBI meets in conjunction with the MARC Advisory Committee  at each ALA conference (annual and mid-winter). The major activity of  the Committee is the review of discussion papers and proposals submitted  by or through the Library of Congress for changes or additions to existing  MARC formats, or the development of new MARC format support in emerging  area
  • Library automation systems vendors should be able to design their systems  to correctly receive and process standard MARC records. Individual librarians  using computers to manage their libraries are the direct beneficiaries  of all this MARC 21 standards work.
  • MARC Data Issues
  • What is the quality of the MARC data? Which  MARC 21 fields are present? Is the data based on Library of Congress  MARC records? If so, is the full information that is available on those  files evident in the records? Is anything added to the record?
  • the contents of the bibliographic records will determine the  success of a library's automated operations to a very great extent, for  you and your patrons.
  • Does the library automation system  being evaluated make full use of the cataloging information? Does it  retain all the data and the MARC 21 content designators?
  • The MARC format is an industry-wide standard. As additional programs  become available, a library's ability to participate in them could hinge  on the quality of its bibliographic records
  • You've learned to d efine  and identify the three types of MARC content designators: tags, subfield  codes, and indicators.
  • As you become more familiar with MARC, the simpler  it will become.

  63 more annotations...

• 

  jrfreeman

  Defintion for Cataloging Record

  • Cataloging  record" means a bibliographic record, or the information traditionally  shown on a catalog card. The record includes (not necessarily in this  order): 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number. (MARC  records often contain much additional information.)
  • Call number
  • The purpose of the call number is to place items  on the same subject together on the same shelf in the library.

  1 more annotation...

• 21 Jan 14
  

  Kelley O'Neal

  MARC cataloging

• 26 Oct 13
  

  Becky Solley

  • A delimiter: Different  software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter  on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger (),  an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($),  an underline ( _ ), or the graphic symbol "".  In this publication the dollar sign ($) is used as the delimiter portion  of the subfield code.

     

    In the example above, the subfield codes are $a for  the extent, $b for other physical details, and $c for  dimensions.

  • There are some general rules that help define what all the numbers used  as field tags mean. Please note that in discussions of MARC 21 tags,  the notation XX is often used to refer to a group of related tags. For  example, 1XX refers to all the tags in the 100s: 100, 110, 130, and so  on.

      <!-- Lengthy blockquote section of section 5 in Part III --> 

     

    A.  Tags divided by hundreds. The basic divisions  of the MARC 21 bibliographic record are:

                                                                                               

    	0XX		Control information, numbers, codes
    	1XX		Main entry
    	2XX		Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of  responsibility, edition, and publication information )
    	3XX		Physical description, etc.
    	4XX		Series statements (as shown in the book)
    	5XX		Notes
    	6XX		Subject added entries
    	7XX		Added entries other than subject or series
    	8XX		Series added entries (other authoritative forms)

     

    The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers. Local libraries, vendors, or systems can define and use them  for attaching other types of information to records. (X9Xs in each  of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use,  except 490.)

     

    The list of the most common tags shows how each fits into one of these  divisions: 100 is an author main entry, 520 is a summary note, and  so on.

  • Preceding the main bibliographic record parts -- which are known to  all librarians because of their presence on catalog cards -- the MARC  record contains some less familiar information. Automated cataloging  systems usually provide default data or prompts to help a cataloger input  this information.

     

     

    A. Leader: The  leader is the first 24 characters of the record. Each position has  an assigned meaning, but much of the information in the leader is for  computer use. MARC record creation and editing programs usually provide  a window or prompts to assist the cataloger in filling in any leader  data elements that require input. The details required for interpreting  the leader are in Part IX of this  brochure.

     

    B. Directory: MARC  records are called "tagged" records. Before it becomes a  tagged record, a MARC record (in what is called the MARC communications  format), looks very different -- like one long run-on sentence. In  the communications format, the fields are not preceded by tags. However,  immediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory.  This directory tells what tags are in the record and where they are  placed (by a count of the characters to the position where each field  begins). The directory is constructed (by computer) from the bibliographic  record, based on the cataloging information, and, if any of the cataloging  information is altered, can be reconstructed in the same way. Part  XI displays a record in MARC 21 communications format, including  its directory.

     

    C. The 008  field: The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes. Its 40 characters contain  important information, but in an abbreviated form. Although it  is not yet used to its fullest in online catalog systems, this  field can be used to identify and retrieve records matching specific  criteria.

     

    For example, there is a code in this field to indicate whether a book  is large-print, a code to identify the country of publication, a code  to identify juvenile materials, a code to indicate the language of  the text, and so on. The details required for interpreting the 008  field for books are in Part X.

  1 more annotation...

• 24 Jul 13
  

  mrsjameslibrary

  Imported Library

• 22 Jun 13
  

  Kylie Price

  MARC Bibliographic

• 13 Apr 13
  

  Chelsea Quake
  • what librarians using a library automation system will  see and need to understand on their computer screens when adding, editing,  or examining records.
  • Each  bibliographic record is divided logically into fields
  • 3. SUBFIELDS are marked  by SUBFIELD CODES and DELIMITERS.

  • A delimiter: Different  software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter  on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger (),  an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($),  an underline ( _ ), or the graphic symbol "".  In this publication the dollar sign ($) is used as the delimiter portion  of the subfield code.

     

    In the example above, the subfield codes are $a for  the extent, $b for other physical details, and $c for  dimensions.

  2 more annotations...

• 06 Mar 13
  

  Bobbie Spiegelman

  MARC

• 02 Mar 13
  

  Ellen Bennett

  A good explanation of MARC.

  MARC cataloging standards

• 15 Feb 13
  

  John Dobbins
  •    1XX     Main entry   
  •    2XX     Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of  responsibility, edition, and publication information )   
  •    3XX     Physical description, etc.   

  1 more annotation...

• 05 Feb 13
  

  Shell J
• 23 Aug 12
  

  Marie Smith

  UNDERSTANDING WHAT MARC IS

  MARC cataloging library bibliographic catalog

• 03 Jun 12
  

  Gary Tam

  company TPL Endeca MARC

• 12 Mar 12
  

  Jill Duffield

  MARC Cataloguing

• 11 Mar 12
  

  wtpollard

  MARC library

• 05 Mar 12
  

  Graciana Boettner

  cataloging MARC catalog library

• 11 Feb 12
  

  Megan Wismer

  • What Does MARC Mean?

     

    What is a MARC  record? A MARC record is a MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.

     

    And what is a  machine-readable cataloging record?

     

    Machine-readable: "Machine-readable" means  that one particular type of machine, a computer, can read and interpret  the data in the cataloging record.
  • Cataloging  record" means a bibliographic record,
  • Description
  • Main entry and added entries
  • Access  points are the retrieval points in the library catalog where patrons  should be able to look up the item
  • For this book, should there be entries in the catalog for more than  one author or more than one title?
  • Should the title of the series be  noted? How should the author's name be written? Is this a "title  main entry" item (no author)?
  • The  librarian uses the Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears),  the Library of Congress Subject Headings
  • Subject headings (subject added entries)
  • Use of an approved list is important for  consistency
  • MARC enables libraries to acquire cataloging data that  is predictable and reliable.
  • A tag: Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag." A  tag identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows. Even though  a printout or screen display may show the tag immediately followed by  indicators (making it appear to be a 4- or 5-digit number), the tag is  always the first 3 digits.
  • Indicators: Two  character positions follow each tag
  • A  subfield code: Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter. A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields. Each  subfield code indicates what type of data follows it.

  • A delimiter: Different  software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter  on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger (),  an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($),  an underline ( _ ), or the graphic symbol "".  In this publication the dollar sign ($) is used as the delimiter portion  of the subfield code.

     

    In the example above, the subfield codes are $a for  the extent, $b for other physical details, and $c for  dimensions.
  • "Authority  control" means following a recognized or established  form. Usually, a cataloger chooses subject and name headings from  a list of approved headings.
  • If a cataloger follows the Library  of Congress's list of established forms for names, he or she will  use the heading "J. Paul Getty Museum."
  • all the books on that  museum will be found in one place in the catalog.
  • Library of Congress Name Authority  file.

  17 more annotations...

• 06 Feb 12
  

  Michelle Phillips
  • MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.
  • "Machine-readable"
  • one particular type of machine, a computer, can read and interpret  the data in the cataloging record
  • Cataloging  record" means a bibliographic record
  • follow the rules  in Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed., 2002 revision  to compose the bibliographic description of a library item.
  • ncludes the title, statement  of responsibility, edition, material specific details, publication information,  physical description, series, notes, and standard numbers
  • Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears),  the Library of Congress Subject Headings
  • Subject headings
  • for  consistency
  • purpose of the call number is to place items  on the same subject together on the same shelf in the library
  • The place provided for each of these pieces of bibliographic information  (author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field."
  • to allow proper cataloging of books and other library items,  the best file structure allows for records with an unlimited number of  fields and unlimited field lengths
  • necessary because  not all titles are the same length
  • computer must have assistance if it is to read and interpret the bibliographic  record
  • Data "signposts:"
  • Using the MARC standard prevents duplication  of work and allows libraries to better share bibliographic resources
  • The MARC 21 format
  • more efficient  use of computer storage space.
  • "Format Integration" means that the same "signposts" are  used to mark data in records for all types of publications, rather than  having different sets of "signposts" for each type. More technically,  under Format Integration, one group of tags is used for records of all  types of materials rather than having a tag set defined for each type.
  • A tag
  • 3-digit number
  • identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows
  • Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter. A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields. Each  subfield code indicates what type of data follows it. (For each field  in the MARC 21 bibliographic format, the MARC 21 documentation lists  and describes the valid subfield codes.)
  • "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form
  • to full machine-readable  bibliographic records
  • Usually the retrospective conversion  is done by "matching" a library's old records (whether on  cards or in a non-MARC format) to a database of full records in machine  readable form

  24 more annotations...

• 04 Feb 12
  

  Stephanie Vande Kraats

  MARC LIBE465 cataloguing

  • Use of an approved list is important for  consistency, to ensure that all items on a particular subject are found  under the same heading and therefore in the same place in the catalog.

     
  • The box chart in the previous section  <!-- on page 4 -->  showed a MARC record labelled with "signposts." The proper  names of these "signposts" are field, tag, indicator, subfield, subfield  code, and content designator.
  •                                                                                        

    010 tag		marks the Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN)
    020 tag		marks the International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
    100 tag		marks a personal name main entry (author)
    245 tag		marks the title information (which  includes the title, other title information, and the statement of  responsibility)
    250 tag		marks the edition
    260 tag		marks the publication information
    300 tag		marks the physical description (often  referred to as the "collation" when describing books)
    490 tag		marks the series statement
    520 tag		marks the annotation or summary note
    650 tag		marks a topical subject heading
    700 tag		marks a personal name added entry (joint  author, editor, or illustrator)

     
  • Indicators:
  • When an indicator position is not used, that  indicator is referred to as "undefined" and the position is  left blank. It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#".
  • One of the more interesting  indicators is the second indicator for the title field. It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.
  • A subfield:
  • Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter
  • ( _ )
  • CONTENT DESIGNATORS
  • Please note that in discussions of MARC 21 tags,  the notation XX is often used to refer to a group of related tags. For  example, 1XX refers to all the tags in the 100s: 100, 110, 130, and so  on.
  •   0XX     Control information, numbers, codes       1XX     Main entry       2XX     Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of  responsibility, edition, and publication information )       3XX     Physical description, etc.       4XX     Series statements (as shown in the book)       5XX     Notes       6XX     Subject added entries       7XX     Added entries other than subject or series       8XX     Series added entries (other authoritative forms)
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers.
  • X9Xs in each  of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use,  except 490
  • B. Access points:
  •   1XX    fields (main entries)       4XX     fields (series statements)       6XX     fields (subject headings)       7XX     fields (added entries other than subject or series)       8XX     fields (series added entries)
  • "Authority  control"
  • As long as the  cataloger always uses one established form, all the books on that  museum will be found in one place in the catalog.
  • For names, the best authority is the Library of Congress Name Authority  file.
  • http://authorities.loc.gov.
  • Library of Congress Subject Headings or the Sears  List of Subject Headings.
  • "local authority control."
  • Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.  In that way, all headings for the same person or same subject will  be entered exactly the same way --
  • C. Parallel  content: The fields requiring authority control  are also the fields that use parallel tag construction. In general,  in the 1XX, 4XX, 6XX, 7XX and 8XX fields, a personal name will  have the last two digits 00. Therefore, for a main entry (1XX)  that is a personal name (X00), the correct tag is 100. For a subject  heading (6XX) that is a personal name, the tag is 600, and so on.  This parallel content can be summarized as follows:
  •   X00     Personal names       X10     Corporate names       X11     Meeting names       X30     Uniform titles       X40     Bibliographic titles       X50     Topical terms       X51     Geographic names
  • The  leader is the first 24 characters of the record
  • mmediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory.  This directory tells what tags are in the record and where they are  placed

  25 more annotations...

• 09 Jan 12
  

  Sandra Gassner

  cataloging bibliographic catalog destiny bookroom

• 17 Oct 11
  

  Suzanne Mathews

  marcrecords MARC cataloging catalog

• 22 Sep 11
  

  Koro Gabiola Colina

  koha MARC

• 06 Aug 11
  

  Mindy Reimer
• 02 Aug 11
  

  Delaina Brown

  MARC cataloging

• 15 Jul 11
  

  Jessica Schmitz

  MARC cataloging library

  • A MARC record is a MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.
  • delimiter is a character used to separate subfields. Each  subfield code indicates what type of data follows it.
  • "Authority  control" means following a recognized or established  form
  • Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.  In that way, all headings for the same person or same subject will  be entered exactly the same way -- which is the point of authority  control.
  •   X00     Personal names       X10     Corporate names       X11     Meeting names       X30     Uniform titles       X40     Bibliographic titles       X50     Topical terms       X51     Geographic names
  • By combining this chart with the chart "Tags  divided by hundreds" (above), it becomes evident that if  the subject of a book (6XX) is a person (Lincoln, Abraham), the tag  will be 600; if the subject of the book is a corporation (Apple Computer,  Inc.), the tag will be 610; if the subject of the book is a topic  (Railroads), the tag will be 650; if the subject of a book is a place  (United States), the tag will be 651. An added entry (7XX) for a  joint author (a personal name) will have tag 700.

  4 more annotations...

• 11 Jul 11
  

  sford24

  MARC cataloging bibliographic

• 10 Jul 11
  

  mrstanley77

  MARC cataloging bibliographic library

• 09 Jul 11
  

  Rhonda Lowry

  MARC understanding

• 28 Jun 11
  

  jenlatimer

  marc cataloging library sci522

• 16 Jun 11
  

  Julie Anderson
  • 
• 14 Jun 11
  

  Jan Juliani

  Marc Work

• 27 Apr 11
  

  Nerine Chalmers

  MARC cataloging catalog

• 30 Mar 11
  

  tudorlib

  marc cataloguing

• 18 Mar 11
  

  Beulah Greaves

  MARC

• 14 Mar 11
  

  Jeremy McGinniss

  Cataloging

• 01 Mar 11
  

  Coleen Latenser

  What is a Marc Record?

  cataloging bibliographic

• 20 Dec 10
  

  James Neal

  cataloging bibliographic marc

• 17 Dec 10
  

  MARC Cataloguing

• 23 Oct 10
  

  Courtney Walker

  MARC record explanation

• 22 Sep 10
  

  kquietone

  cataloging bibliographic library marc ILS 501

• 10 Sep 10
  

  Jen G

  MARC catalog MARCcodes

• 03 Aug 10
  

  Nicoleta Nastase

  cataloging understanding marc bibliographic library

• 28 Jun 10
  

  Deanne Boyer
  • MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.
  • a computer, can read and interpret  the data in the cataloging record.
  • 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number.
  • Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules
  • Description
  • to compose the bibliographic description
  • rules for determining "access points" to the record
  • Main entry and added entries
  • retrieval points in the library catalog where patrons  should be able to look up the item.
  • Subject headings (subject added entries)
  • Use of an approved list is important for  consistency, to ensure that all items on a particular subject are found  under the same heading and therefore in the same place in the catalog.
  • Call number
  • The purpose of the call number is to place items  on the same subject together on the same shelf in the library.
  • place provided for each of these pieces of bibliographic information  (author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field."
  • each MARC  record contains a little "table of contents" to the record,  according to a predefined standard
  • "signposts
  • rograms can be written  to search for and retrieve certain types of information within specific  fields, and also to display lists of items meeting the search criteria.
  • isolating your library, limiting its options, and creating  much more work for yourself.
  • allows libraries to better share bibliographic resources.
  • acquire cataloging data that  is predictable and reliable.
  • LC MARC format, a system of using  brief numbers, letters, and symbols within the cataloging record itself  to mark different types of information.
  • "subfields
  • Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag." A  tag identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows.
  • Two  character positions follow each tag
  • When an indicator position is not used, that  indicator is referred to as "undefined" and the position is  left blank
  • Even though two indicators  together may look like a 2-digit number, they really are two single-digit  numbers
  • It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.
  • Each type of data within  the field is called a subfield
  • subfield code
  • Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter
  • . A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields
  • content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield  codes -
  •   0XX     Control information, numbers, codes       1XX     Main entry       2XX     Titles, edition, imprint (in general, the title, statement of  responsibility, edition, and publication information )       3XX     Physical description, etc.       4XX     Series statements (as shown in the book)       5XX     Notes       6XX     Subject added entries       7XX     Added entries other than subject or series       8XX     Series added entries (other authoritative forms)
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers.
  • Access  points (a main entry, subject added entries, and other added entries)  are an important part of the bibliographic record.
  • ollowing a recognized or established  form
  • If a cataloger follows the Library  of Congress's list of established forms for names, he or she will  use the heading "J. Paul Getty Museum." As long as the  cataloger always uses one established form, all the books on that  museum will be found in one place in the catalog.
  • "local authority control."
  • Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.
  • "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form
  • parallel tag construction
  •    X00     Personal names       X10     Corporate names       X11     Meeting names       X30     Uniform titles       X40     Bibliographic titles       X50     Topical terms       X51     Geographic names
  • first 24 characters of the record
  • position has  an assigned meaning
  • immediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory
  • tells what tags are in the record and where they are  placed
  • Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes

  45 more annotations...

• 23 Jun 10
  

  truelimes

  MARC format cataloging MARC21 understanding

• 10 May 10
  

  Christa Lochead

  cataloging marc

• 23 Mar 10
  

  MJ Pienton

  Understanding Marc Records

  marc

• 15 Feb 10
  

  t_lwebsites

• 27 Jan 10
  

  kristingood
  • "Machine-readable" means  that one particular type of machine, a computer, can read and interpret  the data in the cataloging record
  • The record includes (not necessarily in this  order): 1) a description of the item, 2) main entry and added entries,  3) subject headings, and 4) the classification or call number.
  • Librarians follow the rules  in Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd ed., 2002 revision  to compose the bibliographic description of a library item. This "description" is  shown in the paragraph sections of a card. It includes the title, statement  of responsibility, edition, material specific details, publication information,  physical description, series, notes, and standard numbers.
  • AACR2 also  contains rules for determining "access points" to the record  (usually referred to as the "main entry" and "other added  entries"), and the form these access points should take.
  • Access  points are the retrieval points in the library catalog where patrons  should be able to look up the item.
  • The  librarian uses the Sears List of Subject Headings (Sears),  the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), or some  other list of standard subject headings to select the subjects under  which the item will be listed. Use of an approved list is important for  consistency, to ensure that all items on a particular subject are found  under the same heading and therefore in the same place in the catalog.

  • The computer needs a means of interpreting the  information found on a cataloging record. The MARC record contains  a guide to its data, or little "signposts," before each  piece of bibliographic information.

     

    The place provided for each of these pieces of bibliographic information  (author, title, call number, etc.) is called a "field."
  • However, to allow proper cataloging of books and other library items,  the best file structure allows for records with an unlimited number of  fields and unlimited field lengths.
  • If a bibliographic record has been marked correctly and saved in a computer  data file, computer programs can then be written to punctuate and format  the information correctly for printing a set of catalog cards, or for  displaying the information on a computer screen. Programs can be written  to search for and retrieve certain types of information within specific  fields, and also to display lists of items meeting the search criteria.
  • Using the MARC standard prevents duplication  of work and allows libraries to better share bibliographic resources.  Choosing to use MARC enables libraries to acquire cataloging data that  is predictable and reliable.
  • Using the MARC standard also enables libraries to make use of commercially  available library automation systems to manage library operations.
  • The MARC standard also allows libraries to replace one system  with another with the assurance that their data will still be compatible.
  • The  Library of Congress serves as the official depository of United States  publications and is a primary source of cataloging records for US and  international publications.
  • The original LC MARC format evolved  into MARC 21 and has become the standard used by most library computer  programs.
  • Recently approved changes, some of which have already been implemented,  to the MARC 21 bibliographic format have involved the concept of Format  Integration. "Format Integration" means that the same "signposts" are  used to mark data in records for all types of publications, rather than  having different sets of "signposts" for each type. More technically,  under Format Integration, one group of tags is used for records of all  types of materials rather than having a tag set defined for each type.
  • Each  bibliographic record is divided logically into fields. There is a field  for the author, a field for title information, and so on. These fields  are subdivided into one or more "subfields." As previously  noted, the textual names of the fields are too lengthy to be reproduced  within each MARC record. Instead they are represented by 3-digit tags.  (Though online catalogs may display the names of the fields, the names  are supplied by the system software, not by the MARC record.)
  • Each  field is associated with a 3-digit number called a "tag." A  tag identifies the field -- the kind of data -- that follows.
  • Even though  a printout or screen display may show the tag immediately followed by  indicators (making it appear to be a 4- or 5-digit number), the tag is  always the first 3 digits.
  • Two  character positions follow each tag (with the exception of Fields 001  through 009). One or both of these character positions may be used for  indicators.
  • When an indicator position is not used, that  indicator is referred to as "undefined" and the position is  left blank. It is the convention to represent a blank, or undefined,  indicator position by the character "#".
  • Even though two indicators  together may look like a 2-digit number, they really are two single-digit  numbers.
  • value of 1 in the title  field indicates that there should be a separate title entry in the  catalog. In the card catalog environment, this means that a title card  should be printed for this item and an entry for "Title" added  to the tracings. A first indicator value of 0 would mean that a title  main entry is involved; the card would be printed with the traditional  hanging indention, and no additional tracing for the title would be  required (since it is the main entry).
  • It displays  the number of characters at the beginning of the field (including spaces)  to be disregarded by the computer in the sorting and filing process.
  • Most  fields contain several related pieces of data. Each type of data within  the field is called a subfield, and each subfield is  preceded by a subfield code.
  • : Subfield  codes are one lowercase letter (occasionally a number) preceded by a  delimiter. A delimiter is a character used to separate subfields. Each  subfield code indicates what type of data follows it.
  • Different  software programs use different characters to represent the delimiter  on the screen or on printouts. Examples are a double dagger (),  an "at sign" (@), a dollar sign ($),  an underline ( _ ), or the graphic symbol
  • three kinds of content designators -- tags, indicators, and subfield  codes
  • The 9XXs have been left for locally-defined uses, such as local barcode  numbers. Local libraries, vendors, or systems can define and use them  for attaching other types of information to records. (X9Xs in each  of these groups -- 09X, 59X, etc. -- are also reserved for local use,  except 490.)
  • Access  points (a main entry, subject added entries, and other added entries)  are an important part of the bibliographic record. These are the headings  for which separate cards were created for the traditional card catalog,  and which a patron or librarian can search in an online catalog.
  • These are the fields that are under authority control.
  • means following a recognized or established  form. Usually, a cataloger chooses subject and name headings from  a list of approved headings.
  • For names, the best authority is the Library of Congress Name Authority  file.
  • For topics or geographic names, the common subject authority lists  are the Library of Congress Subject Headings or the Sears  List of Subject Headings.
  • What is more important on the computer-based library catalog is what  is termed "local authority control." Local authority control  allows the librarian to look at the list of subject headings or the  list of author names and ask to reuse one that has already been entered.  In that way, all headings for the same person or same subject will  be entered exactly the same way -- which is the point of authority  control.
  • The term "retrospective conversion" describes a project  that converts bibliographic records from their present form -- such  as shelflist cards or a brief circulation record -- to full machine-readable  bibliographic records. The term retrospective is used because the project  is done for a library's existing collection -- everything placed in  the library up to the present time. Usually the retrospective conversion  is done by "matching" a library's old records (whether on  cards or in a non-MARC format) to a database of full records in machine  readable form. Rather than rekeying old records, a librarian can purchase  the equivalent MARC records.
  • The fields requiring authority control  are also the fields that use parallel tag construction. In general,  in the 1XX, 4XX, 6XX, 7XX and 8XX fields, a personal name will  have the last two digits 00.
  • The  leader is the first 24 characters of the record. Each position has  an assigned meaning, but much of the information in the leader is for  computer use
  • MARC  records are called "tagged" records. Before it becomes a  tagged record, a MARC record (in what is called the MARC communications  format), looks very different -- like one long run-on sentence. In  the communications format, the fields are not preceded by tags. However,  immediately following the leader is a block of data called a directory.  This directory tells what tags are in the record and where they are  placed (by a count of the characters to the position where each field  begins). The directory is constructed (by computer) from the bibliographic  record, based on the cataloging information, and, if any of the cataloging  information is altered, can be reconstructed in the same way
  • The 008 field is referred to as Fixed-Length  Data Elements, or Fixed Field Codes. Its 40 characters contain  important information, but in an abbreviated form.
  • For example, there is a code in this field to indicate whether a book  is large-print, a code to identify the country of publication, a code  to identify juvenile materials, a code to indicate the language of  the text, and so on.

  • Many librarians have chosen to  maximize limited resources by acquiring cataloging data rather than creating  it themselves. For almost a century they have been able to order sets  of catalog cards for their new books from the Library of Congress, or,  more recently, from book jobbers.

     
  • Others typed their own cards, using the Cataloging in Publication (CIP)  data found on the verso of the title page of many books. Librarians also  adapted the partial or full cataloging records printed in library journals  or in bibliographies.
  • Colleges and universities with large library budgets joined bibliographic  utilities such as OCLC, WLN, RLIN, and A-G Canada. For an on-going fee  plus communication costs, their technical service departments went online  with the utilities' powerful mainframe computers. These ventures allowed  those libraries to use and contribute MARC records. Catalog cards could  be ordered, and a printer could be hooked up to the system to receive  data over the phone lines and print book labels.
  • Computer software programs allow an individual library  to have its own self-contained circulation system or online public access  catalog. These programs often can read, store, and print MARC records.
  • Two groups which are responsible for reviewing and revising MARC 21  format documentation are MARBI and the MARC Advisory Committee.
  • MARBI meets in conjunction with the MARC Advisory Committee  at each ALA conference (annual and mid-winter). The major activity of  the Committee is the review of discussion papers and proposals submitted  by or through the Library of Congress for changes or additions to existing  MARC formats, or the development of new MARC format support in emerging  areas.
  • With the proliferation of computer systems in libraries, it became apparent  that a standard was also needed for the exchange of MARC records on floppy  diskette.
  • More recently, specifications have been developed also for the distribution  of MARC records via file transfer (FTP)

  • When  bibliographic records are evaluated, some important questions which need  to be addressed are: What is the quality of the MARC data? Which  MARC 21 fields are present? Is the data based on Library of Congress  MARC records? If so, is the full information that is available on those  files evident in the records? Is anything added to the record?

     

    Some librarians ask several vendors of bibliographic data for printed  examples of their MARC records in order to compare their fullness and  compliance with MARC 21 standards.

  • The  next logical questions to ask are: Does the library automation system  being evaluated make full use of the cataloging information? Does it  retain all the data and the MARC 21 content designators?

     

    Does the system load in the full record, with no unreasonable or false  limitations on such things as the number of subject headings it will  index or the length of the note fields? Even though the disk contained  excellent, full records, any library automation system will be able to  use only what was transferred to the hard disk.
  • Are the MARC tags, indicators, and subfield codes still present on the  librarian's data entry screen? Are the indicators used correctly? Are  the subfield codes used correctly?
  • That brings up one other point. Does the system allow for downloading,  or writing the records back out to a disk, to use in other projects such  as a union catalog project? Will a program be available to write them  in the MARC communications format?

  50 more annotations...

• 22 Jan 10
  

  sttramsey

  MARC

  • A MARC record is a MA chine-Readable Cataloging  record.
  • bibliographic record,
  • the information traditionally  shown on a catalog card.
  • description
  • main entry
  • subject headings
  • call numb
  • title
  • publication information
  • "access points"
  • Access  points are the retrieval points
  • select the subjects under  which the item will be listed.
  • The  patron does not have to imagine all the possible synonyms for the word  he is looking for.
  • Dewey  Decimal
  • Library of Congress
  • The purpose of the call number is to place items  on the same subject together on the same shelf in the library.

  14 more annotations...

• 24 Sep 09
  

  blueshifting

  cataloging reference librarianship

• 18 Jul 09
  

  Stephanie Nichols

  marc_records cataloging marc21

• 29 Jun 09
  

  Rhonda Francis

  MARC Records

• 06 May 09
  

  Linda Aksomitis

  Credenda MARC records

• 10 Apr 09
  

  Amy Oberts

  New

• 26 Mar 09
  

  Mary Skinner

  marc

• 14 Feb 09
  

  Penny Spore
• 11 Feb 09
  

  Bookmarks library

• 28 Oct 08
  

  Kay Lera

  library cataloging LOC

• 23 Oct 08
  

  Jamie Renton

  imported Bookmarks SJSU_MLIS Classes LIB_202-03 Lecture_4-Bibliographic_Formats

• 30 Aug 08
  

  Tepcat Klingon

  This document contains parts 1 to 6 of Understanding MARC Bibliographic
  

  From Internet Explorer Links Library Class Assignments Cataloging

• 01 Jul 08
  

  Yun Zhang

  WHAT IS A MARC RECORD

  lis578 MARC catalog cataloging

  • WHAT IS A MARC RECORD,
  • Authority   control" means following a recognized or established   form. Usually, a cataloger chooses subject and name headings from a   list of approved headings.
  • Library of Congress Name Authority   file
  • The term "retrospective conversion" describes a project that   converts bibliographic records from their present form -- such as shelflist   cards or a brief circulation record -- to full machine-readable bibliographic   records.
  • Two groups which are responsible for reviewing and revising MARC 21 format   documentation are MARBI and the MARC Advisory Committee.

  3 more annotations...

• 08 May 08
  

  Mary Carroll

  Easy cataloguing exercise

• 14 Feb 08
  

  Chip Chase

  imported Bookmarks lbsc650 week4

• 03 Feb 08
  

  Richard LeComte

  libraries ls500 spring 2008 lecture4

• 20 Jan 08
  

  allisons21

  MARC cataloging

• 13 Jan 08
  

  Mimi Yoyo

  cataloging libraries

• 04 Oct 07
  

  Amanda L

  marc cataloging

• 17 May 07
  

  f tamy

  MARC Bibliography

• 10 Mar 07
  

  Jennifer Hadley

  531 delicious

• 13 Feb 07
  

  Tomc50

  aShaw Professional Literature

• 02 May 06
  

  Inna

  literatura bibliographic standard classification tools library book

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