Kyoto Protocol - The Diigo Meta page

• 08 Nov 17
  

  apurva_k
  • Kyoto Protocol

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets. 

     

      Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities." 

     

      The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are referred to as the "Marrakesh  Accords." Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.
  • In Doha, Qatar, on 8 December 2012, the "Doha Amendment to the Kyoto  Protocol" was adopted.
  • During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community  committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels. During  the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18  percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020; however, the  composition of Parties in the second commitment period is different from the firs

  2 more annotations...

• 17 May 16
  

  abelr1
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • Kyoto Protocol               

      The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets. 

     

      Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities." 

     

      The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are referred to as the "Marrakesh  Accords." Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.
    
  • Doha Amendment               

      In Doha, Qatar, on 8 December 2012, the "Doha Amendment to the Kyoto  Protocol" was adopted. The amendment includes: 

         

    New commitments for Annex I Parties to the Kyoto Protocol who agreed to take on  commitments in a second commitment period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December  2020;       A revised list of greenhouse gases (GHG) to be reported on by Parties in the  second commitment period; and       Amendments to several articles of the Kyoto Protocol which specifically  referenced issues pertaining to the first commitment period and which needed to be  updated for the second commitment period.

  • On 21 December 2012, the amendment was circulated by the Secretary-General of the United  Nations, acting in his capacity as Depositary, to all Parties to the Kyoto Protocol in  accordance with Articles 20 and 21 of the Protocol. 

     

      During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community  committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels. During  the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18  percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020; however, the  composition of Parties in the second commitment period is different from the first.
  • The Kyoto mechanisms
     
       

      Under the Protocol, countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures. However,  the Protocol also offers them an additional means to meet their targets by way of three market-based  mechanisms.

  • The Kyoto mechanisms are: 

         

    International Emissions  Trading         Clean Development  Mechanism (CDM)         Joint implementation  (JI)

  • The mechanisms help to stimulate green investment and help Parties meet their emission targets in a  cost-effective way. 

     

      Monitoring emission targets 

     

      Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to  be kept of the trades carried out. 

     

      Registry systems track  and record transactions by Parties under the mechanisms. The UN Climate Change Secretariat, based in  Bonn, Germany, keeps an international transaction log to verify  that transactions are consistent with the rules of the Protocol. 

     

      Reporting is done by Parties by  submitting annual emission inventories and national reports under the Protocol at regular intervals. 

     

      A compliance system ensures  that Parties are meeting their commitments and helps them to meet their commitments if they have  problems doing so.

  • Adaptation
    The Kyoto Protocol, like the  Convention, is also designed to assist countries in adapting to the adverse effects of climate  change. It facilitates the development and deployment of technologies that can help increase  resilience to the impacts of climate change. 

     

      The Adaptation Fund was  established to finance adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are Parties to  the Kyoto Protocol. In the first commitment period, the Fund was financed mainly with a share of  proceeds from CDM project activities. In Doha, in 2012, it was decided that for the second commitment  period, international emissions trading and joint implementation would also provide the Adaptation  Fund with a 2 percent share of proceeds. 

     

      The road ahead 

     

      The Kyoto Protocol is seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission reduction  regime that will stabilize GHG emissions, and can provide the architecture for the future  international agreement on climate change. 

     

      In Durban, the Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP) was established  to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the  Convention, applicable to all Parties. The ADP is to complete its work as early as possible, but no  later than 2015, in order to adopt this protocol, legal instrument or agreed outcome with legal force  at the twenty-first session of the Conference of the Parties and for it to come into effect and be  implemented from 2020.

  6 more annotations...

• 24 Feb 16
  

  weiszd
• 12 Nov 15
  

  thespottedpotato
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • yoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • he Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities."
  • entered into force on  16 February 2005.
  • Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997
  • untries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to  be kept of the trades carried out.

  5 more annotations...

• 23 Mar 15
  

  adeardorff
• 12 Jan 15
  

  mbein1

  Issues Global Warming Contract UN_IPCC

• 19 Nov 14
  

  Mary Higgins

  Kyoto Protocol climate change

• 13 Nov 14
  

  babuprasanth

  Others

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets. 

     

      Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities." 

     

      The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are referred to as the "Marrakesh  Accords." Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.
• 19 Oct 14
  

  febcherie
  • commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • developed countries
  • common  but differentiated responsibilities
  • Annex I Parties
  • second commitment period from 1 January 2013 to 31 December  2020
  • 37 industrialized countries and the European Community
  • reduce GHG emissions by at least 18  percent below 1990 levels

  5 more annotations...

• 16 Sep 14
  

  certiorari

  • commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets. 

     
  • developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity

  • the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities." 

     
  • detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol

  2 more annotations...

• 27 Apr 14
  

  ashishpal
  • Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change
  • commits its Parties
  • binding emission reduction targets
  • places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities."
  • entered into force
  • February 2005
  • Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012
  • December 2012
  • Doha Amendment to the Kyoto  Protocol
  • New commitments for Annex I Parties
  • second commitment period from
  • 2013 to
  • December  2020
  • evised list of greenhouse gases (GHG)
  • first commitment perio
  • educe GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels
  • econd commitment period,
  • educe GHG emissions by at least 18  percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020; however, the  composition of Parties in the second commitment period is different from the first.
  • Under the Protocol, countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures. However,  the Protocol also offers them an additional means
  • three market-based  mechanisms.

  18 more annotations...

• 01 Apr 14
  

  Matthew Ferry

  IR 170 Global Kyoto Environment climate change

  • The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh, Morocco, in 2001, and are referred to as the "Marrakesh  Accords." Its first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012.
    

  • Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to  be kept of the trades carried out. 

     
• 10 Dec 13
  

  Tamara Grant
• 29 Nov 13
  

  ashvani kumar
  • During  the second commitment period, Parties committed to reduce GHG emissions by at least 18  percent below 1990 levels in the eight-year period from 2013 to 2020; however, the  composition of Parties in the second commitment period is different from the first.
• 18 Nov 13
  

  David Ehrensperger

  climate change Environment

• 07 Nov 13
  

  Morgan Adderly
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities."
• 21 Oct 13
  

  Kaitlyn Clancy

  • etting  internationally binding emission reduction targets. 

     
• 29 Sep 13
  

  tanweiming2008
  • internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • Doha, Qatar, on 8 December 2012, the "Doha Amendment to the Kyoto  Protocol" was adopted.
  • 37 industrialized countries
  • average of five percent against 1990 levels
  • reduce GHG emissions by at least 18  percent
  • three market-based  mechanisms.
  • The mechanisms help to stimulate green investment and help Parties meet their emission targets in a  cost-effective way.
  • Under the Protocol, countries' actual emissions have to be monitored and precise records have to  be kept of the trades carried out.
  • The Adaptation Fund was  established to finance adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are Parties to  the Kyoto Protocol.
  • financed mainly with a share of  proceeds from CDM project activities.
  • international emissions trading and joint implementation would also provide the Adaptation  Fund with a 2 percent share of proceeds.

  9 more annotations...

• 28 May 13
  

  Hailey Bean
• 

  koteckif03

  Kyoto Protocol

• 12 Apr 13
  

  akulik0
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change, which commits its Parties by setting  internationally binding emission reduction targets.
  • Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of "common  but differentiated responsibilities."
  • The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005
  • During the first commitment period, 37 industrialized countries and the European Community  committed to reduce GHG emissions to an average of five percent against 1990 levels

  • The Kyoto mechanisms are: 

         

    International Emissions  Trading         Clean Development  Mechanism (CDM)         Joint implementation  (JI)

  3 more annotations...

• 17 Jan 13
  

  Rachel Tucker
• 07 Jan 13
  

  Alif Hidayat

  Kyoto Protocol

• 07 Dec 12
  

  Jimmy Kennedy

  Resources

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .
• 12 Oct 12
  

  Leo Becerra

  • he Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012. 

     

      The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention  encouraged industrialised countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol  commits them to do so.

  • The Kyoto mechanisms are: 

     
     
    •   Emissions  trading – known as “the carbon market"  
     
    •   Clean  development mechanism (CDM) 
     
    •   Joint  implementation (JI).
  • The mechanisms help stimulate green investment and help Parties meet their emission targets in a  cost-effective way.

  1 more annotation...

• 03 Oct 12
  

  Steven Cui
  • developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity
• 28 Sep 12
  

  Teresita Amezcua

  elektra sustainable bonos_carbono

• 14 Sep 12
  

  Lisa Godfroy
• 28 May 12
  

  Lisa Peck

  MARINE BIO Global Warming Kyoto

• 05 May 12
  

  connie1402
  • he Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012.
  • Protocol  commits them to do so.
  • the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of  “common but differentiated responsibilities.”

  1 more annotation...

• 20 Apr 12
  

  carin connors
• 13 Apr 12
  

  Tonya Russell
  • n international agreement
• 15 Dec 11
  

  zuzanna lorenc
  • Th

    e Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012.
• 14 Dec 11
  

  gtpagett

  definition and terms
  references

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012.
  • Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity
  • places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of  “common but differentiated responsibilities.”
  • countries must meet their targets primarily through national measures

  • The Kyoto mechanisms are: 

     
     
    •   Emissions  trading – known as “the carbon market"  
     
    •   Clean  development mechanism (CDM) 
     
    •   Joint  implementation (JI). 
     
     

  • The Adaptation Fund was  established to finance adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries that are Parties to  the Kyoto Protocol. The Fund is financed mainly with a share of proceeds from CDM project activities. 

     

  4 more annotations...

• 18 Nov 11
  

  erin dolan
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change
  • binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries

  •  The Kyoto Protocol is an  international agreement linked to the United Nations   Framework Convention on Climate  Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol   is that it sets binding targets  for 37 industrialized countries and the European   community for reducing  greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an   average of five per cent against  1990 levels over the five-year period   2008-2012. 

     

     The  
  • The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions
  • ajor distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the  Convention encouraged industrialised countries to stabilize GHG  emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so.
  •       

    Delegates    celebrated adoption of the Protocol in  1997.

    The   Kyoto     Protocol  is an       international agreement linked to the    United     Nations         Framework     Convention   on  Climate       Change. The major feature of the  Kyoto     Protocol         is  that   it     sets  binding targets       for  37   industrialized countries and the      European         community     for   reducing       greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These  amount   to     an         average   of     five per  cent against      1990  levels over the five-year   period       2008-2012
  • Delegates celebrated adoption of the Protocol in 1997.   

    The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations  Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol  is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European  community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an  average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the five-year period  2008-2012.

     

    The m
  •       

    Delegates  celebrated adoption of the Protocol in 1997.

    The  Kyoto   Protocol is an     international agreement linked to the  United   Nations       Framework   Convention  on Climate     Change. The major feature of the Kyoto    Protocol       is that  it   sets binding targets     for 37  industrialized countries and the   European       community   for  reducing     greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount  to   an       average  of   five per cent against
  • 
      

     

      

     

      

     

    Delegates      celebrated adoption of the Protocol in    1997.      

       

     

      

     

      The     Kyoto       Protocol   is  an         international agreement linked to  the     United       Nations            Framework       C on vention    on  Climate         Change.  The major feature of the   Kyoto       Protocol            is   that     it       sets   binding  targets         for   37     industrialized countries and  the       European            community       for     reducing         greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These    amount     to       an            average     of       five  per   cent against         1990   levels  over the five-year     period         2008-2012    
  • 
      

     

      

     

      

     

      

     

    Delegates        celebrated adoption of the Protocol  in     1997.       

       

     

      

     

       The       Kyoto         Protocol     is    an            international agreement linked to   the       United         Nations              Framework         C   on   venti on      on   Climate            Change.   The major  feature of the     Kyoto         Protocol              is     that       it         sets     binding   targets            for     37       industrialized countries and   the         European              community         for       reducing            greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions  .These     amount       to         an              average       of         five   per     cent  against          1990     levels   over the  five-year       period            2008-2012     
  • Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations
  • The mechanisms help stimulate green investment and help Parties meet their  emission targets in a cost-effective way.

  • Under the Protocol, countries’actual emissions have to be monitored and  precise records have to be kept of the trades carried out.
  • first step

  • By the end of the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol in 2012, a  new international framework needs to have been negotiated and ratified that can  deliver the stringent emission reductions the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has clearly  indicated are needed.

  13 more annotations...

• 22 Sep 11
  

  Frances S
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012.
• 15 Aug 11
  

  Nguyen Tuan

  Kyoto
  

  asssigment_natural.resource

• 18 Apr 11
  

  Hannah Smith

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012. 

     

      The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention  encouraged industrialised countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol  commits them to do so. 

     

  • Recognizing that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels  of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than 150 years of industrial activity,  the Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of  “common but differentiated responsibilities.” 

           

      The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005. The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001, and are called the “Marrakesh Accord
  • The Kyoto Protocol is generally seen as an important first step towards a truly global emission  reduction regime that will stabilize GHG emissions, and provides the essential architecture for any  future international agreement on climate change.

  1 more annotation...

• 14 Apr 11
  

  dan carmody

  Kyoto Protocol

  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations Framework  Convention on Climate Change
  • ets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions
  • 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012

  1 more annotation...

• 10 Apr 11
  

  User Name

  enhanced effect greenhouse global warming Kyoto Protocol kyoto protocol 11th_CBA_ForeignPolicy_KyotoProtocol

  • Kyoto Protocol
  • international agreement linked to the United Nations Framewo
  • Convention on Climate Change
  • Kyoto Protocol
  • reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions

  3 more annotations...

• 08 Apr 11
  

  Everette Jones

  "Kyoto Protocol"

  Research

• 21 Mar 11
  

  russell arnold

  arts2811

• 02 Mar 11
  

  Parthasarathy Bhaskar

  global warming Kyoto Protocol

• 24 Jan 11
  

  Thomas Lerdall
  • The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .
• 13 Jan 11
  

  Sabine Ziem

  climate_change protocol policy kyoto_protocol

• 05 Dec 10
  

  Daniel Krone

  Global Warming Kyotot Protocol General

• 25 Sep 10
  

  wuanigc
  • The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the  five-year period 2008-2012.
  • encouraged
  • The detailed rules for the implementation of the Protocol were adopted at  COP 7 in Marrakesh in 2001, and are called the “Marrakesh Accords.”

  1 more annotation...

• 13 Jul 10
  

  Omar diNingrat
• 27 May 10
  

  Vicki Perrett

  protocol kyoto un international climate change

• 11 Apr 10
  

  peterkeymatuszak
  • The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol is that it sets binding  targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European community for reducing greenhouse  gas (GHG) emissions
  • The major distinction between the Protocol and the Convention is that while the Convention  encouraged industrialised countries to stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol  commits them to do so.
• 14 Jan 10
  

  Richard Mawle

  Loughborough EcoDesign Legislation

• 04 Dec 09
  

  Sachiyo Yasunaga
  • The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11 December 1997 and entered into force on  16 February 2005.
• 12 Nov 09
  

  stcclibrary STCC

  Kyoto_protocol climate_change international_climate_policy environmental_policy

• 22 Sep 09
  

  Ciara Gray
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations  Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol  is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European  community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .
• 

  Samantha Lindsay
  • The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement linked to the United Nations  Framework Convention on Climate Change. The major feature of the Kyoto Protocol  is that it sets binding targets for 37 industrialized countries and the European  community for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions .These amount to an  average of five per cent against 1990 levels over the five-year period  2008-2012.
• 15 May 09
  

  Nathan Hale High School Library

  11th_CBA_ForeignPolicy_KyotoProtocol

• 

  Deborah Gallaher

  11th_CBA_ForeignPolicy_KyotoProtocol

• 24 Aug 08
  

  Anne Hart

  robotics

• 08 Apr 08
  

  Trevor Acy

  Kyoto Protocol

  • it became increasingly evident that only a firm and binding  commitment by developed countries to reduce emissions could send a signal strong enough to convince  businesses, communities and individuals to act on climate change
  • The major distinction between  the two, however, is that while the Convention encouraged developed countries to  stabilize GHG emissions, the Protocol commits them to do so.
  • Because it will affect virtually all major sectors of the economy, the Kyoto Protocol is considered  to be the most far-reaching agreement on environment and sustainable development ever adopted.
  • These targets must be met within a five-year time frame between 2008 and  2012, and add up to a total cut in GHG emissions of at least 5% against the baseline of 1990

  • The  Protocol places a heavier burden on developed nations under the principle of “common but  differentiated responsibilities.” This has two main reasons. Firstly, those countries can more  easily pay the cost of cutting emissions. Secondly, developed countries have historically contributed  more to the problem by emitting larger amounts of GHGs per person than in developing countries. 

     
  • These mechanisms help identify lowest-cost opportunities for reducing  emissions and attract private sector participation in emission reduction efforts.
  • Some scientists have doubted the scientific basis of the Kyoto Protocol, claiming that there is  not a clear connection between increases in GHG emissions and climate change. The Fourth Assessment  Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), launched in the course of 2007, put  an end to that discussion. Prepared by scientists from all over the world, it placed the reality of  human-induced climate change beyond any doubt.
  • As a result of the Protocol, governments have already put, and are continuing to put  legislation and policies in place to meet their commitments; a carbon market has been created; and  more and more businesses are making the investment decisions needed for a climate-friendly future.

  6 more annotations...

• 05 Oct 07
  

  connin
  • The 1997 Kyoto Protocol shares the Convention’s objective, principles and institutions, but significantly strengthens the Convention by committing Annex I Parties to individual, legally-binding targets to limit or reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.
• 01 Mar 07
  

  Ronny Vandecasteele

  klimaat milieu

• 17 Dec 06
  

  Costantino Soudaz

  imported Ambiente csoudaz

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