Classics in the History of Psychology -- A. H. Maslow (1943) A Theory of Human... - The Diigo Meta page

• 13 Feb 17
  

  mars0la

  Maslow

• 23 May 16
  

  Marine CAMPEDEL

  la pyramide des besoins : physio, sécurité, appartenance, estime, accomplissement de soi

• 17 Mar 16
  

  leslievictoria
  • These basic goals are related to each other, being arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency. This means that the most prepotent goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend of itself to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The less prepotent needs are [p. 395] minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next prepotent ('higher') need emerges, in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators.
  • al. Ordinarily the satisfaction of these wants is not altogether mutually exclusive, but only tends to be. The average member of our society is most often partially satisfied and partially unsatisfied in all of his wa
• 23 Nov 15
  

  katiepionk

  HC

• 01 May 14
  

  nicolasrenda
  • upon ends rather than means to these ends
  • Practically all organismic states are to be understood as motivated and as motivating.
  • Man is a perpetually wanting animal
  • Classifications of motivations must be based upon goals rather than upon instigating drives or motivated behavior.
  • Homeostasis refers to the body's automatic efforts to maintain a constant, normal state of the blood stream
  • For our chronically and extremely hungry man, Utopia can be defined very simply as a place where there is plenty of food
  • But a want that is satisfied is no longer a want. The organism is dominated and its behavior organized only by unsatisfied needs.
  • The safety needs. -- I
  • we can perceive the expressions of safety needs only in such phenomena as, for instance, the common preference for a job with tenure and protection, the desire for a savings account, and for insurance of various kinds (medical, dental, unemployment, disability, old age).
  • The tendency to have some religion or world-philosophy that organizes the universe and the men in it into some sort of satisfactorily coherent, meaningful whole is also in part motivated by safety-seeking.
  • Here too we may list science and philosophy in general as partially motivated by the safety needs (we shall see later that there are also other motivations to scientific, philosophical or religious endeavor).
  • If both the physiological and the safety needs are fairly well gratified, then there will emerge the love and affection and belongingness needs
  • The love needs.
  • Love and affection, as well as their possible expression in sexuality, are generally looked upon with ambivalence and are customarily hedged about with many restrictions and inhibitions
  • love is not synonymous with sex. Sex may be studied as a purely physiological need
  • The esteem needs.
  • These needs have been relatively stressed by Alfred Adler and his followers, and have been relatively neglected by Freud
  • The need for self-actualization.
  • unless the individual is doing what he is fitted for
  • What a man can be, he must be. This need we may call self-actualization.
  • clear emergence of these needs rests upon prior satisfaction of the physiological, safety, love and esteem needs. We shall call people who are satisfied in these needs, basically satisfied people,
  • The preconditions for the basic need satisfactions.
  • immediate prerequisites for the basic need satisfactions
  • Such conditions as freedom to speak, freedom to do what one wishes so long as no harm is done to others, freedom to express one's self, freedom to investigate and seek for information, freedom to defend one's self, justice, fairness, honesty, orderliness in the group are examples of such preconditions for basic need satisfactions.
  • The desires to know and to understand.
  • Also freedom of inquiry and expression have been discussed as preconditions of satisfactions of the basic needs
  • Thus, a man who has given up his job rather than lose his self-respect, and who then starves for six months or so, may be willing to take his job back even at the price of losing his a self-respect.
  • People who have been satisfied in their basic needs throughout their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs simply because they have strong,[p. 388] healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction.
  • people who have been made secure and strong in the earliest years, tend to remain secure and strong thereafter in the face of whatever threatens.
  • Degree of relative satisfaction.
  • Unconscious character of needs.
  • What we have called the basic needs are very often largely unconscious
  • Cultural specificity and generality of needs.
  • attempt to account for this unity behind the apparent diversity from culture to culture
  • Multiple motivations of behavior.
  • any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously
  • Multiple determinants of behavior.
  • There are many determinants of behavior other than motives.
  • If in response to the stimulus word 'table' I immediately perceive a memory image of a table,
  • Some is not motivated at all (but all behavior is determined).
  • expressive behavior and coping behavior
  • A stupid man behaves stupidly, not because he wants to, or tries to, or is motivated to, but simply because he is what he is.
  • Goals as centering principle in motivation theory.
  • A desire for an ice cream cone might actually be an indirect expression of a desire for love. If it is, then this desire for the ice cream cone becomes extremely important motivation.

  42 more annotations...

• 30 Dec 13
  

  mikael böök

  A Theory of Human Motivation
  A. H. Maslow (1943)
  Originally Published in Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
  "7. Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of pre-potency. That is to say, the appearance of one need usually rests on the prior satisfaction of another, more pre-potent need. Man is a perpetually wanting animal. Also no need or drive can be treated as if it were isolated or discrete; every drive is related to the state of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of other drives. "
  "9. Classifications of motivations must be based upon goals rather than upon instigating drives or motivated behavior. "
  "13. Motivation theory is not synonymous with behavior theory. The motivations are only one class of determinants of behavior. While behavior is almost always motivated, it is also almost always biologically, culturally and situationally determined as well."
  "Thus man is a perpetually wanting animal."
  

  psychology science

• 26 Oct 13
  

  jballa97
  • hunger drive (or any other physiological drive) was rejected as a centering point or model for a definitive theory of motivation
  • conscious, specific, local-cultural desires are not as fundamental in motivation theory as the more basic, unconscious goals.
  • Human needs arrange themselves in hierarchies of pre-potency
  • classification of motivations [p. 371] must deal with the problem of levels of specificity or generalization the motives to be classified
  • situation or the field in which the organism reacts must be taken into account
  • arely serve as an exclusive explanation
  • biologically, culturally and situationally determined as well.
  • motivations are only one class of determinants of behavior
  • physiological' needs.
  • physiological drives or needs are to be considered unusual
  • localizable somatically
  • the human being who is missing everything in life in an extreme fashion, it is most likely that the major motivation would be the physiological needs rather than any others
  • The organism is dominated and its behavior organized only by unsatisfied needs.
  • safety needs
  • illnesses seem to be immediately and per se threatening
  • a child who because of some bad food is taken ill may, for a day or two, develop fear, nightmares, and a need for protection and reassurance never seen in him before his illness.
  • injustice, unfairness, or inconsistency in the parents seems to make a child feel anxious and unsafe
  • seems to want a predictable, orderly world
  • completely rejected children, who seem to cling to the hating parents more for sheer safety and protection than because of hope of love.
  • The tendency to have some religion or world-philosophy that organizes the universe and the men in it into some sort of satisfactorily coherent, meaningful whole is also in part motivated by safety-seeking
  • love needs
  • thwarting of the love needs as basic in the picture of maladjustment
  • esteem needs
  • need for self-actualization
  • What a man can be, he must be
  • preconditions for the basic need satisfactions
  • freedom to speak, freedom to do what one wishes so long as no harm is done to others, freedom to express one's self, freedom to investigate and seek for information, freedom to defend one's self, justice, fairness, honesty, orderliness in the group
  • desires to know and to understand
  • degree of fixity
  • creativeness might appear not as self-actualization released by basic satisfaction, but in spite of lack of basic satisfaction
  • they may, for the sake of this higher need, put themselves into the position of being deprived in a more basic need
  • a man who has given up his job rather than lose his self-respect, and who then starves for six months or so, may be willing to take his job back even at the price of losing his a self-respect.
  • frustration tolerance
  • sheer habituation
  • Degree of relative satisfaction
  • most members of our society who are normal, are partially satisfied in all their basic needs and partially unsatisfied in all their basic needs at the same time.
  • emergence is not a sudden, saltatory phenomenon but rather a gradual emergence by slow degrees from nothingness.
  • Multiple motivations of behavior
  • any behavior tends to be determined by several or all of the basic needs simultaneously rather than by only one of them.
  • One may make love not only for pure sexual release, but also to convince one's self of one's masculinity, or to make a conquest, to feel powerful, or to win more basic affection.
  • Thwarting of unimportant desires produces no psychopathological results; thwarting of a basically important need does produce such results.
  • The perfectly healthy, normal, fortunate man has no sex needs or hunger needs, or needs for safety, or for love, or for prestige, or self-esteem, except in stray moments of quickly passing threat.
  • Any thwarting or possibility of thwarting of these basic human goals, or danger to the defenses which protect them, or to the conditions upon which they rest, is considered to be a psychological threat
  • all psychopathology may be partially traced to such threats

  42 more annotations...

• 17 Oct 13
  

  Konstantinos
• 02 Sep 13
  

  cpower1248
• 01 Sep 13
  

  Alan Valisk

  motivation psychology theory

• 31 Mar 13
  

  Diana Covaci

  This is a classical book written by Maslow himself. This site is important because you are reading core material that is not in any way changed. He explains everything from his theories to philosophical changes in humans.

  Maslow book

• 25 Feb 13
  

  nathan kolb

  Maslow

• 11 Oct 12
  

  Hong Phu Nguyen

  hier

  NM4213-presentation

• 06 Oct 12
  

  Erin Gillespie

  ISSN 1492-3713

  maslow psychology theory classics index learning teaching education

• 19 Aug 12
  

  Cathy Marziali

  Maslow theory motivation article research PhD Walden

• 06 Aug 12
  

  Kate Zahnow

  Maslow write this himself!

  maslow motivation psychology needs

• 05 Jul 12
  

  Mark Street

  • Young in a recent article (21) has summarized the work on appetite in its relation to body needs. If the body lacks some chemical, the individual will tend to develop a specific appetite or partial hunger for that food element. 
  • The central role of the parents and the normal family setup are indisputable. Quarreling, physical assault, separation, divorce or death within the family may be particularly terrifying. Also parental outbursts of rage or threats of punishment directed to the child, calling him names, speaking to him harshly, shaking him, handling him roughly, or actual [p. 378] physical punishment sometimes elicit such total panic and terror in the child that we must assume more is involved than the physical pain alone. While it is true that in some children this terror may represent also a fear of loss of parental love, it can also occur in completely rejected children, who seem to cling to the hating parents more for sheer safety and protection than because of hope of love.
  • Other broader aspects of the attempt to seek safety and stability in the world are seen in the very common preference for familiar rather than unfamiliar things, or for the known rather than the unknown. The tendency to have some religion or world-philosophy that organizes the universe and the men in it into some sort of satisfactorily coherent, meaningful whole is also in part motivated by safety-seeking. Here too we may list science and philosophy in general as partially motivated by the safety needs (we shall see later that there are also other motivations to scientific, philosophical or religious endeavor).
  • One thing that must be stressed at this point is that love is not synonymous with sex. Sex may be studied as a purely physiological need. Ordinarily sexual behavior is multi-determined, that is to say, determined not only by sexual but also by other needs, chief among which are the love and affection needs. Also not to be overlooked is the fact that the love needs involve both giving and receiving love.[4]
  • The preconditions for the basic need satisfactions. -- There are certain conditions which are immediate prerequisites for the basic need satisfactions. Danger to these is reacted to almost as if it were a direct danger to the basic needs themselves. Such conditions as freedom to speak, freedom to do what one wishes so long as no harm is done to others, freedom to express one's self, freedom to investigate and seek for information, freedom to defend one's self, justice, fairness, honesty, orderliness in the group are examples of such preconditions for basic need satisfactions. Thwarting in these freedoms will be reacted to with a threat or emergency response. These conditions are not ends in themselves but they are almost so since they are so closely related to the basic needs, which are apparently the only ends in themselves. These conditions are defended because without them the basic satisfactions are quite impossible, or at least, very severely endangered.[p. 384]
  • There are other, apparently innately creative people in whom the drive to creativeness seems to be more important than any other counter-determinant. Their creativeness might appear not as self-actualization released by basic satisfaction, but in spite of lack of basic satisfaction.

  • (4) The so-called 'psychopathic personality' is another example of permanent loss of the love needs. These are people who, according to the best data available (9), have been starved for love in the earliest months of their lives and have simply lost forever the desire and the ability to give and to receive affection (as animals lose sucking or pecking reflexes that are not exercised soon enough after birth).[p. 387] 
  • We may expect that after a long-time deprivation of the more basic need there will be a tendency to reevaluate both needs so that the more pre-potent need will actually become consciously prepotent for the individual who may have given it up very lightly. Thus, a man who has given up his job rather than lose his self-respect, and who then starves for six months or so, may be willing to take his job back even at the price of losing his a self-respect.
  • People who have been satisfied in their basic needs throughout their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs simply because they have strong,[p. 388] healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction. They are the 'strong' people who can easily weather disagreement or opposition, who can swim against the stream of public opinion and who can stand up for the truth at great personal cost. It is just the ones who have loved and been well loved, and who have had many deep friendships who can hold out against hatred, rejection or persecution.
  • That is to say, people who have been made secure and strong in the earliest years, tend to remain secure and strong thereafter in the face of whatever threatens.
  • For instance, if I may assign arbitrary figures for the sake of illustration, it is as if the average citizen [p. 389] is satisfied perhaps 85 per cent in his physiological needs, 70 per cent in his safety needs, 50 per cent in his love needs, 40 per cent in his self-esteem needs, and 10 per cent in his self-actualization needs
  • As an illustration, I may point out that it would be possible (theoretically if not practically) to analyze a single act of an individual and see in it the expression of his physiological needs, his safety needs, his love needs, his esteem needs and self-actualization. This contrasts sharply with the more naive brand of trait psychology in which one trait or one motive accounts for a certain kind of act, i. e., an aggressive act is traced solely to a trait of aggressiveness.
  • There is no reason whatsoever why we should start with animals in order to study human motivation.
  • It is no more necessary to study animals before one can study man than it is to study mathematics before one can study geology or psychology or biology
  • Thwarting of unimportant desires produces no psychopathological results; thwarting of a basically important need does produce such results
  • If we are interested in what actually motivates us, and not in what has, will, or might motivate us, then a satisfied need is not a motivato
  • The perfectly healthy, normal, fortunate man has no sex needs or hunger needs, or needs for safety, or for love, or for prestige, or self-esteem, except in stray moments of quickly passing threat
  • Who is to say that a lack of love is less important than a lack of vitamins? Since we know the pathogenic effects of love starvation
  • If I were permitted this usage, I should then say simply that a healthy man is primarily motivated by his needs to develop and actualize his fullest potentialities and capacities
  • These basic goals are related to each other, being arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency. This means that the most prepotent goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend of itself to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The less prepotent needs are [p. 395] minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next prepotent ('higher') need emerges, in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators

  18 more annotations...

• 01 Apr 12
  

  loleyva

  Motivation

• 13 Sep 11
  

  Carlos Feliciano II

  week 2 reading management

  • It is far easier to perceive and to criticize the aspects in motivation theory than to remedy them.
  • The 'physiological' needs. -- The needs that are usually taken as the starting point for motivation theory are the so-called physiological drives.
  • physiological drives or needs are to be considered unusual rather than typical because they are isolable, and because they are localizable somatically.
  • All capacities are put into the service of hunger-satisfaction, and the organization of these capacities is almost entirely determined by the one purpose of satisfying hunger.
  • For our chronically and extremely hungry man, Utopia can be defined very simply as a place where there is plenty of food.
  • Another peculiar characteristic of the human organism when it is dominated by a certain need is that the whole philosophy of the future tends also to change.
  • It cannot possibly be denied that such things are true but their generality can be denied. Emergency conditions are, almost by definition, rare in the normally functioning peaceful society. That this truism can be forgotten is due mainly to two reasons. First, rats have few motivations other than physiological ones, and since so much of the research upon motivation has been made with these animals, it is easy to carry the rat-picture over to the human being. Secondly, it is too often not realized that culture itself is an adaptive tool, one of whose main functions is to make the physiological emergencies come less and less often.
  • At once other (and 'higher') needs emerge and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism.
  • The safety needs.
  • The love needs
  • The esteem needs.
  • The need for self-actualization.
  • The preconditions for the basic need satisfactions.
  • The desires to know and to understand.
  • III. FURTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIC NEEDS
  • (1) There are some people in whom, for instance, self-esteem seems to be more important than love. This most common reversal in the hierarchy is usually due to the development of the notion that the person who is most likely to be loved is a strong or powerful person, one who inspires respect or fear, and who is self confident or aggressive. Therefore such people who lack love and seek it, may try hard to put on a front of aggressive, confident behavior. But essentially they seek high self-esteem and its behavior expressions more as a means-to-an-end than for its own sake; they seek self-assertion for the sake of love rather than for self-esteem itself.
  • (2) There are other, apparently innately creative people in whom the drive to creativeness seems to be more important than any other counter-determinant. Their creativeness might appear not as self-actualization released by basic satisfaction, but in spite of lack of basic satisfaction.
  • (3) In certain people the level of aspiration may be permanently deadened or lowered. That is to say, the less pre-potent goals may simply be lost, and may disappear forever, so that the person who has experienced life at a very low level, i. e., chronic unemployment, may continue to be satisfied for the rest of his life if only he can get enough food.
  • (4) The so-called 'psychopathic personality' is another example of permanent loss of the love needs. These are people who, according to the best data available (9), have been starved for love in the earliest months of their lives and have simply lost forever the desire and the ability to give and to receive affection (as animals lose sucking or pecking reflexes that are not exercised soon enough after birth).[p. 387]
  • (5) Another cause of reversal of the hierarchy is that when a need has been satisfied for a long time, this need may be underevaluated. People who have never experienced chronic hunger are apt to underestimate its effects and to look upon food as a rather unimportant thing. If they are dominated by a higher need, this higher need will seem to be the most important of all. It then becomes possible, and indeed does actually happen, that they may, for the sake of this higher need, put themselves into the position of being deprived in a more basic need. We may expect that after a long-time deprivation of the more basic need there will be a tendency to reevaluate both needs so that the more pre-potent need will actually become consciously prepotent for the individual who may have given it up very lightly. Thus, a man who has given up his job rather than lose his self-respect, and who then starves for six months or so, may be willing to take his job back even at the price of losing his a self-respect.
  • (7) Perhaps more important than all these exceptions are the ones that involve ideals, high social standards, high values and the like. With such values people become martyrs; they give up everything for the sake of a particular ideal, or value. These people may be understood, at least in part, by reference to one basic concept (or hypothesis) which may be called 'increased frustration-tolerance through early gratification'. People who have been satisfied in their basic needs throughout their lives, particularly in their earlier years, seem to develop exceptional power to withstand present or future thwarting of these needs simply because they have strong,[p. 388] healthy character structure as a result of basic satisfaction. They are the 'strong' people who can easily weather disagreement or opposition, who can swim against the stream of public opinion and who can stand up for the truth at great personal cost. It is just the ones who have loved and been well loved, and who have had many deep friendships who can hold out against hatred, rejection or persecution.
  • Degree of relative satisfaction.
  • Unconscious character of needs.
  • Cultural specificity and generality of needs.
  • Multiple motivations of behavior.
  • Multiple determinants of behavior.
  • Motivation and the theory of psychopathogenesis.
  • The role of gratified needs.
  • (1) There are at least five sets of goals, which we may call basic needs. These are briefly physiological, safety, love, 'esteem, and self-actualization. In addition, we are motivated by the desire to achieve or maintain the various conditions upon which these basic satisfactions rest and by certain more intellectual desires.
  • (2) These basic goals are related to each other, being arranged in a hierarchy of prepotency. This means that the most prepotent goal will monopolize consciousness and will tend of itself to organize the recruitment of the various capacities of the organism. The less prepotent needs are [p. 395] minimized, even forgotten or denied. But when a need is fairly well satisfied, the next prepotent ('higher') need emerges, in turn to dominate the conscious life and to serve as the center of organization of behavior, since gratified needs are not active motivators.
  • Thus man is a perpetually wanting animal. Ordinarily the satisfaction of these wants is not altogether mutually exclusive, but only tends to be. The average member of our society is most often partially satisfied and partially unsatisfied in all of his wants. The hierarchy principle is usually empirically observed in terms of increasing percentages of non-satisfaction as we go up the hierarchy. Reversals of the average order of the hierarchy are sometimes observed. Also it has been observed that an individual may permanently lose the higher wants in the hierarchy under special conditions. There are not only ordinarily multiple motivations for usual behavior, but in addition many determinants other than motives.
  • (3) Any thwarting or possibility of thwarting of these basic human goals, or danger to the defenses which protect them, or to the conditions upon which they rest, is considered to be a psychological threat. With a few exceptions, all psychopathology may be partially traced to such threats. A basically thwarted man may actually be defined as a 'sick' man, if we wish.
  • 4) It is such basic threats which bring about the general emergency reactions.
  • (5) Certain other basic problems have not been dealt with because of limitations of space. Among these are (a) the problem of values in any definitive motivation theory, (b) the relation between appetites, desires, needs and what is 'good' for the organism, (c) the etiology of the basic needs and their possible derivation in early childhood, (d) redefinition of motivational concepts, i. e., drive, desire, wish, need, goal, (e) implication of our theory for hedonistic theory, (f) the nature of the uncompleted act, of success and failure, and of aspiration-level, (g) the role of association, habit and conditioning, (h) relation to the [p. 396] theory of inter-personal relations, (i) implications for psychotherapy, (j) implication for theory of society, (k) the theory of selfishness, (l) the relation between needs and cultural patterns, (m) the relation between this theory and Alport's theory of functional autonomy. These as well as certain other less important questions must be considered as motivation theory attempts to become definitive.

  32 more annotations...

• 30 Jun 11
  

  nathandh_2000

  A Theory of Human Motivation

  maslow psychology

  • A Theory of Human Motivation

      A. H. Maslow (1943) 

    Originally Published in Psychological Review, 50, 370-396.
  • The present paper is an attempt to formulate a positive theory of motivation which will satisfy these theoretical demands and at the same time conform to the known facts, clinical and observational as well as experimental. It derives most directly, however, from clinical experience. This theory is, I think, in the functionalist tradition of James and Dewey, and is fused with the holism of Wertheimer (19), Goldstein (6), and Gestalt Psychology, and with the dynamicism of Freud (4) and Adler (1). This fusion or synthesis may arbitrarily be called a 'general-dynamic' theory.
• 26 Apr 11
  

  Cody Silva

  maslow motivation psychology human theory classics

• 11 Nov 10
  

  rashid baset

  maslow motivation psychology Kicker_studio

  • stress and center itself upon ultimate or basic goals rather than partial or superficial ones, upon ends
  • unconscious than for conscious motivations
  • available various cultural paths to the same goal
  • must be understood to be a channel
  • many basic needs may be simultaneously expressed or satisfied
  • every drive is related to the state of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of other drives.
  • Lists of drives will get us nowhere
  • Classifications of motivations must be based upon goals rather than upon instigating drives or motivated behavior.
  • the field alone can rarely serve as an exclusive explanation for behavior
  • The needs that are usually taken as the starting point for motivation theory are the so-called physiological drives

  8 more annotations...

• 17 Oct 10
  

  seturri

  #PLENK2010 psychology theory education mind books history research

• 21 Sep 10
  

  Maarten Hoekstra

  This paper is an attempt to formulate a positive theory of motivation which will satisfy these theoretical demands and at the same time conform to the known facts, clinical and observational as well as experimental. It derives most directly, however, from clinical experience. This theory is, I think, in the functionalist tradition of James and Dewey, and is fused with the holism of Wertheimer (19), Goldstein (6), and Gestalt Psychology, and with the dynamicism of Freud (4) and Adler (1). This fusion or synthesis may arbitrarily be called a 'general-dynamic' theory.

  Maslow hierarchy of needs motivation psychology theory

• 10 Sep 10
  

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  abraham maslow needs hierarchy motivation

  • If all the needs are unsatisfied, and the organism is then dominated by the physiological needs, all other needs may become simply non-existent or be pushed into the background.
• 10 Aug 10
  

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  • A Theory of Human Motivation

      A. H. Maslow (1943)
• 07 Jun 09
  

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  The original thesis about human motivation factors.

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  Lindsay Ahalt

  idenity ksudigg maslow motivation

  • He will hunger for affectionate relations with people in general, namely, for a place in his group, and he will strive with great intensity to achieve this goal. He will want to attain such a place more than anything else in the world and may even forget that once, when he was hungry, he sneered at love.
• 27 Feb 07
  

  rodriguezringach

  @ Classics in the History of Psychology

  motivation leadership psychology HR

• 04 Nov 06
  

  Justin Morrison

  psychology reading del

• 

  blackwood

  psychology motivation maslow management productivity spore delicious

• 20 Feb 05
  

  Nathan M

  academic psychology AbrahamMaslow

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