As early as 600 BC, a Hindu surgeon reconstructed a nose using a piece of cheek.[3] By 1000 AD, rhinoplasty was common, due to the barbaric custom of cutting off the noses and upper lips of one's enemies. In the 16th century, Gaspare Tagliacozzi, known as "the father of plastic surgery," reconstructed noses slashed off by swords during duels by transferring flaps of upper arm skin. This procedure was also used to correct the saddle nose deformity of syphilis.
