The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use o... - The Diigo Meta page

• 04 Dec 09
  

  Rich Robles

  facebook web2.0 socialnetworking research

• 03 Nov 09
  

  Courtney Hallenbeck

  ksufb

• 27 Oct 09
  

  Jordan Spalding

  Essay 4

• 22 Oct 09
  

  Liz Fathman

  facebook socialnetworking research identity web2.0

• 04 Oct 09
  

  Ryan Bretag

  socialnetworking research articles

• 14 Sep 09
  

  John Curry

  facebook

• 18 Aug 09
  

  E Ong
• 16 Jul 09
  

  Laura Flamini-Harper

  Read It Later

• 13 Jul 09
  

  Mare BV

  facebook socialnetworking research socialcapital sociology

• 10 Jul 09
  

  Tom Krieglstein

  Research out of MI State U on Social Capital. Lots of great data here on the impact of Facebook on Social Capital.

  facebook socialnetworking socialcapital research collegestudents students friends bondingsocialcapital bridgingsocialcapital

  • This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital.
  • In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital.
  • 78 more annotations...
  • • Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital.
    • Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
    • acebook represents an understudied offline to online trend in that it originally primarily served a geographically-bound community (the campus)
    • information technology may enhance place-based community and facilitate the generation of social capital
    • Facebook users engage in "searching" for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they "browse" for complete strangers to meet (Lampe, Ellison, & Steinfield, 2006).
    • Online SNSs support both the maintenance of existing social ties and the formation of new connections.
    • early research on online communities assumed that individuals using these systems would be connecting with others outside their pre-existing social group or location, liberating them to form communities around shared interests, as opposed to shared geography (Wellman, Salaff, Dimitrova, Garton, Gulia, & Haythornthwaite, 1996).
    • "These findings imply that relationships that begin on line rarely stay there
    • typical user spends about 20 minutes a day on the site, and two-thirds of users log in at least once a day (Cassidy, 2006; Needham & Company, 2007).
    • Much of the existing academic research on Facebook has focused on identity presentation and privacy concerns (e.g., Gross & Acquisti, 2005; Stutzman, 2006)
    • we are interested in situations in which the intended audience for the profile (such as well-meaning peers and friends) and the actual audience are aligned.
    • We use Facebook as a research context in order to determine whether offline social capital can be generated by online tools. The results of our study show that Facebook use among college-age respondents was significantly associated with measures of social capital.
    • Social capital broadly refers to the resources accumulated through the relationships among people (Coleman, 1988).
    • Social capital has been linked to a variety of positive social outcomes, such as better public health, lower crime rates, and more efficient financial markets (Adler & Kwon, 2002). According to several measures of social capital, this important resource has been declining in the U.S. for the past several years (Putnam, 2000). When social capital declines, a community experiences increased social disorder, reduced participation in civic activities, and potentially more distrust among community members.
    • Greater social capital increases commitment to a community and the ability to mobilize collective actions, among other benefits. Social capital may also be used for negative purposes, but in general social capital is seen as a positive effect of interaction among participants in a social network (Helliwell & Putnam, 2004).
    • For individuals, social capital allows a person to draw on resources from other members of the networks to which he or she belongs. These resources can take the form of useful information, personal relationships, or the capacity to organize groups (Paxton, 1999).
    • Putnam (2000) distinguishes between bridging and bonding social capital. The former is linked to what network researchers refer to as "weak ties," which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support
    • bonding social capital is found between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationships, such as family and close friends.
    • "maintained social capital," permits us to explore whether online network tools enable individuals to keep in touch with a social network after physically disconnecting from it.
    • Nie (2001), for example, argued that Internet use detracts from face-to-face time with others, which might diminish an individual's social capital. However, this perspective has received strong criticism (Bargh & McKenna, 2004).
    • researchers have claimed that online interactions may supplement or replace in-person interactions, mitigating any loss from time spent online (Wellman, Haase, Witte, & Hampton, 2001). I
    • computer-mediated interactions have had positive effects on community interaction, involvement, and social capital (Hampton & Wellman, 2003; Kavanaugh, Carroll, Rosson, Zin, & Reese, 2005).
    • SNSs could greatly increase the weak ties one could form and maintain, because the technology is well-suited to maintaining such ties cheaply and easily.
    • H1:
      
      Intensity of Facebook use will be positively associated with individuals' perceived bridging social capital.
    • Williams (2006) points out that little empirical work has explicitly examined the effects of the Internet on bonding social capital,
    • a 2006 Pew Internet survey reports that online users are more likely to have a larger network of close ties than non-Internet users,
    • H2:
      
      Intensity of Facebook use will be positively associated with individuals' perceived bonding social capital.
    • Internet might help individuals with low psychological well-being due to few ties to friends and neighbors (Bargh & McKenna, 2004)
    • Some forms of computer-mediated communication can lower barriers to interaction and encourage more self-disclosure (Bargh, McKenna, & Fitzsimons, 2002; Tidwell & Walther, 2002);
    • explore whether the relationship between Facebook use and social capital is different for individuals with varying degrees of self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1989)
    • 
      

      H3a:	The relationship between intensity of Facebook use and bridging social capital will vary depending on the degree of a person's self esteem.

      
      
      
      
      
      

      H3b:

      The relationship between intensity of Facebook use and bridging social capital will vary depending on the degree of a person's satisfaction with life.

      
      
      
      
      
      

      H4a:

      The relationship between intensity of Facebook use and bonding social capital will vary depending on the degree of a person's self esteem.

      
      
      
      
      

      H4b:

      The relationship between intensity of Facebook use and bonding social capital will vary depending on the degree of a person's satisfaction with life.

    • Putnam (2000) argues that one of the possible causes of decreased social capital in the U.S. is the increase in families moving for job reasons;
    • heavy Internet users rely on email to maintain long distance relationships, rather than using it as a substitute for offline interactions with those living nearby.
    • "friendsickness" to refer to the distress caused by the loss of connection to old friends when a young person moves away to college (Paul & Brier, 2001).
    • services like email and instant messaging help college students remain close to their high school friends after they leave home for college.
    • completely abandoning these high school networks would mean a loss of social capital.
    • Granovetter (1973, 1982) has suggested that weak ties provide more benefit when the weak tie is not associated with stronger ties, as may be the case for maintained high school relationships.
    • "maintained social capital."
    • 
      
      H5:
      
      Intensity of Facebook use will be positively associated with individuals' perceived maintained social capital.
    • A total of 286 students completed the online survey, yielding a response rate of 35.8%
    • On to Offline: I use Facebook to meet new people
      
      (single item measure)
      1.97
    • 94% of the undergraduate students we surveyed were Facebook members.
    • Facebook members report spending between 10 and 30 minutes on average using Facebook each day and report having between 150 and 200 friends listed on their profile
    • report significantly more Facebook use involving people with whom they share an offline connection
    • he fact that nearly all Facebook users include their high school name in their profile (96%) suggests that maintaining connections to former high school classmates is a strong motivation for using Facebook. Not surprisingly, 97% report that high school friends had seen their profile.
    • students view the primary audience for their profile to be people with whom they share an offline connection.
    • students use Facebook primarily to maintain existing offline relationships or to solidify what would otherwise be ephemeral, temporary acquaintanceships.
    • There was a slight tendency for newer students to use Facebook to meet new people more than for juniors and seniors to do so (see Figure 3), but across all four years in school, respondents reported greater use of Facebook for connecting with existing offline contacts.
    • eneral Internet use was not a significant predictor of bridging social capital, suggesting that only certain kinds of uses of the Internet support the generation and maintenance of bridging social capital.
    • esults suggest that Facebook is indeed implicated in students' efforts to develop and maintain bridging social capital at college,
    • Students reporting low satisfaction and low self-esteem appeared to gain in bridging social capital if they used Facebook more intensely, suggesting that the affordances of the SNS might be especially helpful for these students.
    • bonding social capital was also significantly predicted by the intensity with which students used Faceboo
    • General Internet use was not a significant predictor of bonding social capital, and the interactions between Facebook use and the two psychological measures were not significant
    • Interestingly, general Internet use was also a significant predictor of maintained social capital
    • we can definitively state that there is a positive relationship between certain kinds of Facebook use and the maintenance and creation of social capital. Although we cannot say which precedes the other, Facebook appears to play an important role in the process by which students form and maintain social capital, with usage associated with all three kinds of social capital included in our instrument.
    • Our participants overwhelmingly used Facebook to keep in touch with old friends and to maintain or intensify relationships characterized by some form of offline connection such as dormitory proximity or a shared class.
    • Our findings suggest that certain kinds of Facebook use (articulated by our Facebook intensity items) can help students accumulate and maintain bridging social capital.
    • Facebook serves to lower the barriers to participation so that students who might otherwise shy away from initiating communication with or responding to others are encouraged to do so through Facebook's affordances.
    • tudents report that the primary audiences for their profiles are high school friends and people they know from an MSU context.
    • highly engaged users are using Facebook to crystallize relationships that might otherwise remain ephemeral
    • Latent ties are those social network ties that are "technically possible but not activated socially" (p. 137).
    • Facebook might make it easier to convert latent ties into weak ties
    • or less intense Facebook users, students who reported low satisfaction with MSU life also reported having much lower bridging social capital than those who used Facebook more intensely.
    • there was little difference in bridging social capital among those who reported high satisfaction with life at MSU and high self-esteem relative to Facebook use intensity.
    • Facebook use may be helping to overcome barriers faced by students who have low satisfaction and low self-esteem.
    • The suggestion that Facebook use supports a "poor get richer" hypothesis, as opposed to the "rich get richer" findings
    • Bonding social capital was also predicted by high self-esteem
    • Facebook appears to be much less useful for maintaining or creating bonding social capital,
    • t can lower barriers to participation and therefore may encourage the formation of weak ties but not necessarily create the close kinds of relationships that are associated with bonding social capital.
    • it may help individuals to maintain pre-existing close relationships,
    • Facebook intensity predicted increased levels of maintained social capital, which assessed the extent to which participants could rely on high school acquaintances to do small favors
    • he ability to stay in touch with these networks may offset feelings of "friendsickness," the distress caused by the loss of old friends.
    • Limitations to this study include the fact that we examined only one community.
    • Because we used a one-time survey, we cannot establish causality.
    • Our empirical results contrast with the anecdotal evidence dominating the popular press
    • our findings demonstrate a robust connection between Facebook usage and indicators of social capital, especially of the bridging type. Internet use alone did not predict social capital accumulation, but intensive use of Facebook did.
    • The strong linkage between Facebook use and high school connections suggests how SNSs help maintain relations as people move from one offline community to another.
    • Online interactions do not necessarily remove people from their offline world but may indeed be used to support relationships and keep people in contact, even when life changes move them away from each other.
• 07 Jul 09
  

  Josh Paluch

  facebook socialnetworking web2.0 sns identity

  • Online interactions do not necessarily remove people from their offline world but may indeed be used to support relationships and keep people in contact, even when life changes move them away from each other.
• 20 Jun 09
  

  Katt Blackwell-Starnes

  facebook identity socialnetworking

• 07 Jun 09
  

  Deb Jackson

  Bookmarks_Menu

• 14 May 09
  

  Michael Farina

  The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites

  socialcapital facebook

• 12 Apr 09
  

  byuh idd
  • Facebook might make it easier to convert latent ties into weak ties, in that the site provides personal information about others, makes visible one's connections to a wide range of individuals, and enables students to identify those who might be useful in some capacity (such as the math major in a required calculus class), thus providing the motivation to activate a latent tie. These weak ties may provide additional information and opportunities, which are expressed as dimensions of bridging social capital that speak to interaction with a wide range of people and the more tolerant perspective this might encourage. Facebook seems well-suited to facilitate these experiences, in that detailed profiles highlight both commonalities and differences among participants.
  • Because bridging social capital provides benefits such as increased information and opportunities, we suspect that participants who use Facebook in this way are able to get more out of their college experience. The suggestion that Facebook use supports a "poor get richer" hypothesis, as opposed to the "rich get richer" findings reported in other contexts (Kraut, Kiesler, Boneva, Cummings, Helgeson, & Crawford, 2002), may be of special interest to Internet researchers.
• 09 Apr 09
  

  Melissa Lockhart

  facebook socialnetworking

• 07 Apr 09
  

  Mike Knutson

  facebook socialcapital socialmedia web2.0

• 30 Mar 09
  

  Xianghua Ding
• 12 Mar 09
  

  Kate Reader

  web2.0

• 10 Mar 09
  

  kevin haley

  Socialnetworking

• 09 Feb 09
  

  Dennis Witmer

  This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital.

  socialcapital facebook research

• 05 Feb 09
  

  paul reid

  This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital.

  facebook socialcapital research collaboration social

• 21 Jan 09
  

  Kyle Langdon

  great paper on facebook use

• 20 Jan 09
  

  Clive McGoun

  Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addit

  facebook

• 30 Dec 08
  

  FruFru FourOne

  facebook social research socialcapital article socialnetworking collaboration identity

• 09 Nov 08
  

  Carol Williams

  facebook socialcapital identity socialnetworking collaboration research article social

• 30 Oct 08
  

  Djiezes Kraaijst

  facebook friends social network college student

  • The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites
    
    
• 27 Oct 08
  

  Nicola McGowan

  facebook socialnetworking statistics research article technology internet

• 

  Trudy Lane

  This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
  
  We use Facebook as a research context in order to determine whether offline social capital can be generated by online tools.
  The results of our study show that Facebook use among college-age respondents was significantly associated with measures of social capital.

  facebook ties social media collaboration identity

  • This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
  • heavy usage patterns and technological capacities that bridge online and offline connections
  • 5 more annotations...
  • • Facebook represents an understudied offline to online trend
    • Hampton and Wellman (e.g., Hampton, 2002; Hampton & Wellman, 2003), who suggest that information technology may enhance place-based community
    • We use Facebook as a research context in order to determine whether offline social capital can be generated by online tools.
    • The results of our study show that Facebook use among college-age respondents was significantly associated with measures of social capital.
    • Indeed, studies of physical (e.g., geographical) communities supported by online networks, such as the Netville community in Toronto or the Blacksburg Electronic Village, have concluded that computer-mediated interactions have had positive effects on community interaction, involvement, and social capital (Hampton & Wellman, 2003; Kavanaugh, Carroll, Rosson, Zin, & Reese, 2005).
• 21 Oct 08
  

  Marc Vermut

  Dunbar Number Social Capital Research Social Network BarCamp

• 13 Jul 08
  

  Gary Ritzenthaler

  Research on whether online social networks affect social capital

  2007 article academic socialcapital facebook nicoleellison uflsms socialnetworks

• 02 Jul 08
  

  L@jost EU project

  Facebook SocialNetworking academic students statistics !!!!!!!!!! l@jost

• 30 Jun 08
  

  Chars Lee

  The Benefits of Facebook "Friends:" Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites

  facebook socialcapital socialnetworking identity

  • Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
  • Internet use alone did not predict social capital accumulation, but intensive use of Facebook did.
  • 1 more annotations...
  • • The strong linkage between Facebook use and high school connections suggests how SNSs help maintain relations as people move from one offline community to another. It may facilitate the same when students graduate from college, with alumni keeping their school email address and using Facebook to stay in touch with the college community. Such connections could have strong payoffs in terms of jobs, internships, and other opportunities. Colleges may want to explore ways to encourage this sort of usage.
• 02 Jun 08
  

  Hans de Kraker

  Interesting correlation between social networks and people experiencing low self esteem and low life satisfaction.

  facebook socialcapital socialnetworking identity collaboration psychology 2.0 psychiatry 2.0

  • Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
• 07 Apr 08
  

  Yennick Vert

  facebook socialnetworking research web2.0 socialcapital article collaboration

• 01 Apr 08
  

  Josie Fraser

  facebook social_networking_sevices research social_capital students he

• 29 Feb 08
  

  Arne Olav Nygard

  network social text web20

  • Abstract

    
    
    

    This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.

  • "friends"
  • 9 more annotations...
  • • We believe that Facebook represents an understudied offline to online trend in that it originally primarily served a geographically-bound community (the campus)
    • uch of the existing academic research
    • we are interested in situations in which the intended audience for the profile (such as well-meaning peers and friends) and the actual audience are aligned.
    • The results of our study show that Facebook use among college-age respondents was significantly associated with measures of social capital
    • Social capital broadly refers to the resources accumulated through the relationships among people (Coleman, 1988).
    • Bourdieu and Wacquant (1992) define social capital as "the sum of the resources, actual or virtual, that accrue to an individual or a group by virtue of possessing a durable network of more or less institutionalized relationships of mutual acquaintance and recognition" (p. 14).
    • Social capital has been linked to a variety of positive social outcomes, such as better public health, lower crime rates, and more efficient financial markets (Adler & Kwon, 2002).
    • For individuals, social capital allows a person to draw on resources from other members of the networks to which he or she belongs
    • Putnam (2000) distinguishes between bridging and bonding social capital. The former is linked to what network researchers refer to as "weak ties," which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support (Granovetter, 1982). Alternatively, bonding social capital is found between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationships, such as family and close friends.
• 18 Feb 08
  

  Kevin Lim

  Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites. Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might benefit users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.

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• 17 Feb 08
  

  Allison Miller

  Computer Mediated Communication: The Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication

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• 29 Jan 08
  

  Marge Hanson

  facebook socialnetworking research article

• 28 Jan 08
  

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  Lyn Parker

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  Facebook møder social kapital møder regressionsanalyse. Niiiiice.

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  Cherice Montgomery

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• 23 Oct 07
  

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  tetyana tt

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  Aviva Gabriel

  Formation, Maintenance, and Mobility of Social Capital

• 22 Aug 07
  

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  This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital.

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• 08 Aug 07
  

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• 07 Aug 07
  

  Benjamin Wiedenmann

  Soziales Kapital in Facebook - Social Network Sites

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• 04 Aug 07
  

  Michel Bauwens

  Social Capital and College Students' Use of Online Social Network Sites
  

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• 31 Jul 07
  

  Howard Rheingold

  This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital.

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