This link has been bookmarked by 11 people . It was first bookmarked on 11 Mar 2007, by hochan.
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Habermas (1962/1989) originally described the public sphere as a new opening in the social and political fabric of Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries. Formed around discourse through meetings in salons and coffee shops, as well as in newspapers and other printed forms, the public sphere gave a voice to members of the public who were previously not included in issues of governance. The public sphere was a new, budding form of democracy. Eventually the public sphere would be corrupted and co-opted in part by the commercialization of the press through advertising and entertainment.
This sphere, as described by Habermas, was strictly a "bourgeois" public sphere. Many discuss "the public sphere" without the qualifier, as a more generalized form. Although it represented a new avenue for some people, it was restricted in terms of class and gender, in that only bourgeois men could participate (Fraser, 1992). Habermas's original conception includes three important elements. One is that the public sphere was formed through discussion, often mediated. Second, it represented a new space of discussion for many who had previously been excluded. Last, ideas presented in the public sphere were considered on the basis of their merits, and not on the social standing of the speaker.
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06 Mar 08
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27 Mar 07
Peter Cruickshankstudies the mechanisms, both normative and in code, that are vital to Slashdot's functioning, and shows how they help Slashdot function as a public sphere.
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12 Mar 07
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11 Mar 07
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31 Aug 06
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