This link has been bookmarked by 159 people . It was first bookmarked on 24 Jul 2006, by Navneet Kumar.
-
20 May 15
-
denote a situation where individuals acting independently and rationally according to each's self-interest behave contrary to the best interests of the whole group by depleting some common resource
-
-
15 May 15
-
the effects of unregulated grazing on common land
-
-
23 Mar 15
-
26 Nov 14
-
ndividuals acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, behave contrary to the whole group's long-term best interests by depleting some common resource
-
human population growth, the use of the Earth's natural resources, and the welfare state
-
rgues against relying on conscience as a means of policing commons, suggesting that this favors selfish individuals
-
One of the proposed solutions is to appoint a leader to regulate access to the commo
-
rovision of rewards and punishments may also be effective in preserving common resources
-
-
27 Oct 14
-
26 Sep 14
-
-
The commons dilemma is a specific class of social dilemma in which people's short-term selfish interests are at odds with long-term group interests and the common good.
-
-
08 Jul 14
-
Much field research on commons dilemmas has combined solutions obtained in experimental research.[citation needed] Elinor Ostrom, who was awarded 2009's Nobel Prize of Economics for her work on the issue, and her colleagues looked at how real-world communities manage communal resources, such as fisheries, land irrigation systems, and farmlands, and they identified a number of factors conducive to successful resource management. One factor is the resource itself; resources with definable boundaries (e.g., land) can be preserved much more easily. A second factor is resource dependence; there must be a perceptible threat of resource depletion, and it must be difficult to find substitutes. The third is the presence of a community; small and stable populations with a thick social network and social norms promoting conservation do better.[43] A final condition is that there be appropriate community-based rules and procedures in place with built-in incentives for responsible use and punishments for overuse.
-
-
04 Jun 14
-
19 May 14
-
03 May 14
-
The tragedy of the commons is an economics theory by Garrett Hardin, according to which individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, behave contrary to the whole group's long-term best interests by depleting some common resource.
-
The concept is often cited in connection with sustainable development, meshing economic growth and environmental protection, as well as in the debate over global warming.
-
"Commons" can include the atmosphere, oceans, rivers, fish stocks, national parks and any other shared resource.
-
-
07 Mar 14
-
24 Jan 14
-
12 Jan 14
-
The tragedy of the commons is an economics theory by Garrett Hardin, according to which the depletion of a shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, act contrary to the group's long-term best interests by depleting the common resource.
-
-
01 Jan 14
-
28 Sep 13
-
the tragedy of the commons is the depletion of a shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, despite their understanding that depleting the common resource is contrary to the group's long-term best interests
-
-
22 Sep 13
-
11 Sep 13
-
08 Jun 13
-
20 Feb 13
Super Generalist"In economics, the tragedy of the commons is the depletion of a shared resource by individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, despite their understanding that depleting the common resource is contrary to the group's long-term best interests. In 1968, ecologist Garrett Hardin explored this social dilemma in "The Tragedy of the Commons", published in the journal Science"
-
10 Jan 13
Robin CicchettiSource information about the origins of the terms.
-
06 Jan 13
Áine MacDermotRT @Watchdogsniffer: In economics, the tragedy of the commons is the depletion of a shared resource by individuals... http://t.co/Eh8lTprd
-
11 Oct 12
-
15 Apr 12
-
12 Mar 12
susiefraserWikipedia page on Tragedy of the Commons - includes several external links at the bottom.
-
06 Mar 12
-
24 Jan 12
-
multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource,
-
clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.
-
ppen. This dilemma w
-
meshing economic growth and environmental protection,
-
ublic policy experts have argued that Hardin's account of the breakdown of common grazing land was inaccurate, and that such commons were effectively managed to prevent overgrazing.[2
-
Others[23] have argued that even self-interested individuals will often find ways to cooperate, because collective restraint serves both the collective and individual interests.
-
criticised as promoting the interests of Western economic ideology.
-
Hardin's claim has been embraced as a sacred text by scholars and professionals in the practice of designing futures for others and imposing their own economic and environmental rationality on other social systems of which they have incomplete understanding and knowledge."[24]
-
ne often-studied strategic factor is the order in which people take harvests from the resource. In simultaneous play, all people harvest at the same time, whereas in sequential play people harvest from the pool according to a predetermined sequence — first, second, third, etc.
-
-
20 Jan 12
-
21 Nov 11
-
01 Oct 11
-
28 Sep 11
-
27 Sep 11
-
21 Sep 11
-
The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen. This dilemma was first described in an influential article titled "The Tragedy of the Commons," written by ecologist Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.[1]
-
Hardin's Commons Theory is frequently cited to support the notion of sustainable development, meshing economic growth and environmental protection, and has had an effect on numerous current issues, including the debate over global warming. An asserted impending "tragedy of the commons" is frequently warned of as a consequence for adopting policies which restrict private property.[2][3]
-
Central to Hardin's article is an example (first sketched in an 1833 pamphlet by William Forster Lloyd) of a hypothetical and simplified situation based on medieval land tenure in Europe, of herders sharing a common parcel of land, on which they are each entitled to let their cows graze. In Hardin's example, it is in each herder's interest to put the next (and succeeding) cows he acquires onto the land, even if the quality of the common is damaged for all as a result, through overgrazing. The herder receives all of the benefits from an additional cow, while the damage to the common is shared by the entire group. If all herders make this individually rational economic decision, the common will be depleted or even destroyed, to the detriment of all.
-
Hardin's work has been criticised on the grounds of historical inaccuracy, and for failing to distinguish between common property and open access resources. Subsequent work by Elinor Ostrom and others suggest that using Hardin's work to argue for privatization of resources is an "overstatement" of the case.[5][6] Nonetheless, Ostrom recognizes that there are real problems, and even limited situations where the tragedy of the commons applies to real-world resource management.[7]
-
-
18 Aug 11
-
13 Jun 11
-
Tragedy of the commons
-
a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource, even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen.
-
-
17 May 11
-
05 Apr 11
-
29 Mar 11
-
08 Mar 11
-
02 Mar 11
-
multiple individuals, acting independently and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource
-
'common property resources' or 'commons' under conditions where no institutional arrangements exist. Common property is not 'everybody's property'
-
Hardin's Commons Theory is frequently cited to support the notion of sustainable development, meshing economic growth and environmental protection, and has had an effect on numerous current issues, including the debate over global warming.
-
example, it is in each herder's interest to put the next (and succeeding) cows he acquires onto the land, even if the quality of the common is temporarily or perm
-
herders sharing a common parcel of land, on which they are each entitled to let their cows graze.
-
anently damaged for all as a result, through over grazing.
-
The herder receives all of the benefits from an additional cow, while the damage to the common is shared by the entire group. If all herders make this individually rational economic decision, the common will be depleted or even destroyed to the detriment of all.
-
-
08 Feb 11
-
05 Feb 11
-
03 Jan 11
-
31 Dec 10
Engelbert Tejedasee:{http://www.davewentzel.com/sites/default/files/images/
see:{http://www.mith2.umd.edu/eada/html/display.php?docs=bradford_history.xml -
30 Dec 10
-
26 Oct 10
-
The tragedy of the commons is a dilemma arising from the situation in which multiple individuals, acting independently, and solely and rationally consulting their own self-interest, will ultimately deplete a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long-term interest for this to happen. This dilemma was first described in an influential article titled "The Tragedy of the Commons," written by Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.[1]
Hardin's Commons Theory is frequently cited to support the notion of sustainable development, meshing economic growth and environmental protection, and has had an effect on numerous current issues, including the debate over global warming.
-
-
31 Aug 10
-
15 Aug 10
kerrieanne@hollingsworth: "tragedy of the commons" http://bit.ly/ahTTeu - debates whether "triumph of the commons" possible http://ht.ly/2pKHZ #sibsyd
-
28 Jul 10
-
17 May 10
-
22 Apr 10
-
17 Feb 10
Juan Rafael Fernández«The tragedy of the commons refers to a dilemma described in an influential article by that name written by Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.] The article describes a situation in which multiple individuals, acting indepen
-
24 Dec 09
-
02 Nov 09
-
30 Aug 09
-
24 Aug 09
-
individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one's self-interest, despite their understanding that depleting the common resource is contrary to their long-term best interests
-
In economics
-
herders sharing a common parcel of land
-
medieval
-
In Hardin's example, it is in each herder's interest to put the next (and succeeding) cows he acquires onto the land, even if the quality of the common is damaged for all as a result, through overgrazing. The herder receives all of the benefits from an additional cow, while the damage to the common is shared by the entire group. If all herders make this individually rational economic decision, the common will be depleted or even destroyed, to the detriment of all.
-
While Hardin recommended that the tragedy of the commons could be prevented by either more government regulation or privatizing the commons property, subsequent Nobel Prize-winning work by Elinor Ostrom suggests that handing control of local areas to national and international regulators can create further problems.[3][4] Ostrom argues that the tragedy of the commons may not be as prevalent or as difficult to solve as Hardin implies, since locals have often come up with solutions to the commons problem themselves;
-
failing to distinguish between common property and open access resources
-
Situations exemplifying the "tragedy of the commons" include the overfishing and destruction of the Grand Banks, the destruction of salmon runs on rivers that have been dammed – most prominently in modern times on the Columbia River in the Northwest United States, and historically in North Atlantic rivers – the devastation of the sturgeon fishery – in modern Russia, but historically in the United States as well – and, in terms of water supply, the limited water available in arid regions (e.g., the area of the Aral Sea) and the Los Angeles water system supply, especially at Mono Lake and Owens Lake.
Other situations exemplifying the "tragedy of the commons" include pollution caused by driving cars. There are many negative externalities of driving; these include congestion, carbon emissions, and traffic accidents. For example, every time 'Person A' gets in a car, it becomes more likely that 'Person Z' – and millions of others – will suffer in each of those areas.[26]
-
-
05 Jul 09
-
"The Tragedy of the Commons" is an influential article written by Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.[1] The article describes a dilemma in which multiple individuals acting independently in their own self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource even when it is clear that it is not in anyone's long term interest for this to happen.[2]
-
-
18 Apr 09
Central to Hardin's article is a metaphor of herders sharing a common parcel of land (the commons), on which they are all entitled to let their cows graze. In Hardin's view, it is in each herder's interest to put as many cows as possible onto the land, even if the commons are damaged as a result. The herder receives all of the benefits from the additional cows, while the damage to the commons is shared by the entire group. If all herders make this individually rational decision, however, the commons are destroyed and all herders suffer
sociology commons economics social culture politics wikipedia
-
16 Mar 09
-
10 Mar 09
-
08 Feb 09
-
"The Tragedy of the Commons" is an influential article written by Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.[1] The article describes a dilemma in which multiple individuals acting independently in their own self-interest can ultimately destroy a shared limited resource even where it is clear that it is not in anyone's long term interest for this to happen.
Central to Hardin's article is a metaphor of herders sharing a common parcel of land (the commons), on which they are all entitled to let their cows graze. In Hardin's view, it is in each herder's interest to put as many cows as possible onto the land, even if the commons is damaged as a result. The herder receives all of the benefits from the additional cows, while the damage to the commons is shared by the entire group. If all herders make this individually rational decision, however, the commons is destroyed and all herders suffer.
-
-
23 Jan 09
Luis Oopsh"The Tragedy of the Commons" is an influential article written by Garrett Hardin and first published in the journal Science in 1968.[1] The article describes a dilemma in which multiple individuals acting independently in their own self-interest can ultim
basic urg a-g rebasic crish post joni infolibre xleer ecocris a-gestion commonmanag commoncrish
-
13 Jan 09
-
12 Dec 08
-
05 Dec 08
-
04 Sep 08
-
24 Aug 08
-
14 Aug 08
-
23 Jun 08
-
The tragedy of the commons is a type of social trap, often economic, that involves a conflict over finite resources between individual interests and the common good. It states that free access and unrestricted demand for a finite resource ultimately structurally dooms the resource through over-exploitation.
-
-
12 Feb 08
-
04 Feb 08
-
30 Jan 08
David NaughtonThe Tragedy of the Commons is a type of social trap, often economic, that involves a conflict over finite resources between individual interests and the common good.
ecology economics environment philosophy politics for_jtrammell for_gormsby for_greevar for_lisamarvy for_saritabenson
-
23 Dec 07
-
31 May 07
-
24 Mar 07
-
20 Dec 06
-
06 Dec 06
-
17 Oct 06
-
29 Sep 06
-
28 Sep 06
Laurent vainsdieux# ceives all of the proceeds from each additional animal
# Negative : the pasture is slightly degraded by each additional animal -
01 Aug 06
-
10 May 06
-
11 Apr 06
-
13 Oct 05
Page Comments
Would you like to comment?
Join Diigo for a free account, or sign in if you are already a member.