This link has been bookmarked by 38 people . It was first bookmarked on 27 Oct 2006, by Jesus Magallanes.
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07 May 15
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This soft power – getting others to want the outcomes you want – co-opts people rather than coerces them
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It can be contrasted with 'hard power', which is the use of coercion and payment.
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its culture (in places where it is attractive to others), its political values (when it lives up to them at home and abroad), and its foreign policies (when others see them as legitimate and having moral authority)."[7]
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soft power can be wielded for nefarious purposes
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actors in international relations respond to only two types of incentives: economic incentives and force.
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But having such resources does not always produce the desired outcomes, as the United States discovered in the Vietnam War.
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In international relations, soft power is generated only in part by what the government does through its policies and public diplomacy. The generation of soft power is also affected in positive (and negative) ways by a host of non-state actors within and outside the country. Those actors affect both the general public and governing elites in other countries, and create an enabling or disabling environment for government policies.
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soft power is often associated with the rise of globalization and neoliberal international relations theory. Popular culture and mass media are regularly identified as a source of soft power
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23 Oct 14
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civilian instruments of national security – diplomacy, strategic communications, foreign assistance, civic action and economic reconstruction and development
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In 2010 Annette Lu, former vice-leader of the Taiwan (Republic of China), visited South Korea and advocated the ROC's use of soft power as a model for the resolution of international conflicts.[2] General Wesley Clark, when discussing soft power, commented that "it gave us an influence far beyond the hard edge of traditional balance-of-power politics."[3]
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you can coerce
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For Nye, power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get the outcomes you want
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you can induce
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This soft power – getting others to want the outcomes you want – co-opts people rather than coerces them.[4]
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or you can attract and co-opt them
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27 Sep 14
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co-opt rather than coerce
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use force or give money as a means of persuasion
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23 Feb 14
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19 Jun 13
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19 Dec 12
emmanuelfeyteJoseph Nye leadership US
Pouvoir de la culture -
03 Jul 12
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Soft power is a concept developed by Joseph Nye to describe the ability to attract and co-opt rather than coerce and rather than using force or money as a means of persuasion
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For example, in 2007, CPC General Secretary Hu Jintao told the 17th Communist Party Congress that China needed to increase its soft power, and the US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates spoke of the need to enhance American soft power
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This soft power- getting others to want the outcomes you want- co-opts people rather than coerces them
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It can be contrasted with 'hard power', which is the use of coercion and payment.
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"“Seduction is always more effective than coercion, and many values like democracy, human rights, and individual opportunities are deeply seductive.”
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The primary currencies of soft power are an actor's values, culture, policies and institutions—and the extent to which these "primary currencies", as Nye calls them, are able to attract or repel other actors to "want what you want."
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That said, military force can sometimes contribute to soft power. Dictators like Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin cultivated myths of invincibility and inevitability to structure expectations and attract others to join them. A well-run military can be a source of attraction, and military-to-military cooperation and training programs, for example, can establish transnational networks that enhance a country’s soft power.
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Neorealist and other rationalist and neorationalist authors (with the exception of Stephen Walt) would generally disregard soft power since they assume for theoretical purposes that actors in international relations respond to only two types of incentives: economic incentives and force.
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16 Oct 11
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oercion and payment
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co-option and attraction
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24 Nov 10
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19 Apr 10
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The success of soft power heavily depends on the actor’s reputation within the international community, as well as the flow of information between actors. Thus, soft power is often associated with the rise of globalization and neoliberal international relations theory. Popular culture and media is regularly identified as a source of soft power, as is the spread of a national language, or a particular set of normative structures; a nation with a large amount of soft power and the good will that engenders it inspire others to acculturate, avoiding the need for expensive hard power expenditures. Because soft power has appeared as an alternative to raw power politics, it is often embraced by ethically-minded scholars and policymakers. But soft power is a descriptive rather than a normative concept. Like any form of power, it can be wielded for good or bad purposes.
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20 Nov 08
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10 Nov 08
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10 Oct 08
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26 Jul 08
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18 May 08
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08 May 08
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06 Jan 08
Dante-Gabryell Monsonability to indirectly influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies through cultural or ideological means.The resources from which soft power behavior is derived are culture (when it is attractive to others), values (when there is no hypoc
government politics Wikipedia governance Lobbies for:mbauwens for:frateric for:srose for:stevebosserman for:qopi softpower ngo power control newworldorder
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09 May 07
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Soft power is a term used in international relations theory to describe the ability of a political body, such as a state, to indirectly influence the behavior or interests of other political bodies through cultural or ideological means. The term was first coined by Harvard University professor Joseph Nye, who remains its most prominent proponent, in a 1990 book, Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power. He further developed the concept in his 2004 book, Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. While its usefulness as a descriptive theory has not gone unchallenged, soft power has since entered popular political discourse as a way of distinguishing the subtle effects of culture, values and ideas on others' behavior from more direct coercive measures, such as military action (hard power) or economic incentives.
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The basic concept of power is the ability to influence others to get them to do what you want. There are three major ways to do that: one is to threaten them with sticks; the second is to pay them with carrots; the third is to attract them or co-opt them, so that they want what you want. If you can get others to be attracted, to want what you want, it costs you much less in carrots and sticks. [1]
Soft power, then, represents the third way of getting the outcomes you want. Soft power is contrasted with hard power, which has historically been the predominant realist measure of national power, through quantitative metrics such as population size, concrete military assets, or a nation's Gross Domestic Product. But having such resources does not always produce the desired outcomes as the United States discovered in the Vietnam War. The resources from which soft power behavior is derived are culture (when it is attractive to others), values (when there is no hypocrisy in their application) and foreign policies (when they are seen as legitimate in the eyes of others). Unless these conditions are present, culture and ideas do not necessarily produce the attraction that is essential for soft power behavior. The extent of attraction can be measured by public opinion polls, by elite interviews, and case studies. Nye argues that soft power is more than influence, since influence can also rest on the hard power of threats or payments. And soft power is more than just persuasion or the ability to move people by argument, though that is an important part of it. It is also the ability to attract, and attraction often leads to acquiescence.
If I am persuaded to go along with your purposes without any explicit threat or exchange taking place — in short, if my behavior is determined by an observable but intangible attraction — soft power is at work. Soft power uses a different type of currency — not force, not money — to engender cooperation. It uses an attraction to shared values, and the justness and duty of contributing to the achievement of those values. [2]
The success of soft power heavily depends on the actor’s reputation within the international community, as well as the flow of information between actors. Thus, soft power is often associated with the rise of globalization and neoliberal international relations theory. Popular culture and media is regularly identified as a source of soft power, as is the spread of a national language, or a particular set of normative structures; a nation with a large amount of soft power and the good will that engenders it inspire others to acculturate, avoiding the need for expensive hard power expenditures.
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04 Dec 06
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22 Nov 06
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07 Nov 06
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27 Oct 06
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08 Oct 06
Tarek AmrThe basic concept of power is the ability to influence others to get them to do what you want. There are three major ways to do that: one is to threaten them with sticks; the second is to pay them with carrots; the third is to attract them or co-opt them,
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