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11 May 15
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Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy
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04 May 15
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as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system
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Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,
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"Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these
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12 Mar 15
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social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.
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04 Mar 15
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Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.[3]
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A socialist economy is based on the principle of production for use, to directly satisfy economic demand and human needs, and objects are valued by their use-value, as opposed to the principle of production for profit and accumulation of capital.[
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07 Dec 14
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production of goods and services to directly satisfy economic demand
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production for use
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28 Nov 14
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Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.[3][4] "Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.
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17 Sep 14
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30 May 14
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Socialism is a social and economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.[3][4] "Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these.[5] There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them
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28 Apr 14
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nomic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy,[1][2] as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system.[3][4] "Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterp
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23 Feb 14
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22 Nov 13
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Socialism is an economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy
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"Social ownership" may refer to cooperative enterprises, common ownership, state ownership, citizen ownership of equity, or any combination of these
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goods and services are produced directly for use instead of for private profit
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Distribution is based on the principle to each according to his contribution.
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Proponents of state socialism advocate the nationalisation of the means of production, distribution and exchange as a strategy for implementing socialism. In contrast, libertarian socialism opposes the use of state power to achieve such an arrangement, opposing both parliamentary politics and state ownership
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systems that utilise the market mechanism to organise production and to allocate factor inputs among socially owned enterprises, with the economic surplus (profits) accruing to society in a social dividend as opposed to private capital owners
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Market socialism refers to
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The ownership of the means of production can be based on direct ownership by the users of the productive property through worker cooperative; or commonly owned by all of society with management and control delegated to those who operate/use the means of production; or public ownership by a state apparatus. Public ownership may refer to the creation of state-owned enterprises, nationalisation, municipalisation or autonomous collective institutions
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The fundamental feature of a socialist economy is that publicly owned, worker-run institutions produce goods and services
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A socialist form of organisation would eliminate controlling hierarchies so that only a hierarchy based on technical knowledge in the workplace remains. Every member would have decision-making power in the firm
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A planned economy is a type of economy consisting of a mixture of public ownership of the means of production and the coordination of production and distribution through economic planning. There are two major types of planning: decentralized-planning and centralized-planning.
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The most prominent example of a planned economy was the economic system of the Soviet Union,
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In a centrally planned economy, decisions regarding the quantity of goods and services to be produced are planned in advance by a planning agency.
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command economies
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economic coordination is undertaken by commands, directives and production targets
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autonomous self-regulating economic units and a decentralised mechanism of resource allocation and decision-making.
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A self-managed, decentralised economy
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There are numerous variations of self-management, including labour-managed firms and worker-managed firms
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One such system is the cooperative economy, a largely free market economy in which workers manage the firms and democratically determine remuneration levels and labour divisions.
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directly produce goods and services for their utility
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original conception
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State socialism can be used to classify any variety of socialist philosophies that advocates the ownership of the means of production by the state apparatus
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it refers to a form of technocratic management, whereby technical specialists administer or manage economic enterprises on behalf of society (and the public interest) instead of workers' councils or workplace democracy.
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A state-directed economy may refer to a type of mixed economy consisting of public ownership over large industries,
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Market socialism consists of publicly owned or cooperatively owned enterprises operating in a market economy. It is a system that utilises the market and monetary prices for the allocation and accounting of the means of production, thereby retaining the process of capital accumulation. The profit generated would be used to directly remunerate employees or finance public institutions
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In state-oriented forms of market socialism, in which state enterprises attempt to maximise profit, the profits can be used to fund government programs and services through a social dividend, eliminating or greatly diminishing the need for various forms of taxation that exist in capitalist systems.
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a socialist economy based on state ownership of land and natural resources would provide a means of public finance to make income taxes unnecessary
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Yugoslavia implemented a market socialist economy based on cooperatives and worker self-management.
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The current economic system in China is formally referred to as a Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics
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r public ownership
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large state secto
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with a private sector mainly engaged in commodity production
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The current Chinese economy consists of 150 corporatised state-owned enterprises that report directly to China's central governmen
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state-owned
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these state-owned corporations had become increasingly dynamic and generated large increases in revenue for the stat
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orporation
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the Chinese economic model is widely cited as a contemporary form of state capitalism, the major difference between Western capitalism and the Chinese model being the degree of state-ownership of shares in publicly listed corporations.
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Social and Political theory
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Socialist Republic of Vietnam has adopted a similar model after the Doi Moi economic renovation, but slightly differs from the Chinese model in that the Vietnamese government retains firm control over the state sector and strategic industries, but allows for private-sector activity in commodity production
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Libertarian socialism
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Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that promote a non-hierarchical, non-bureaucratic society without private property in the means of production. Libertarian socialists believe in converting present-day private productive property into common or public goods, while retaining respect for personal property
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. It promotes free association in place of government and opposes the social relations of capitalism, such as wage labor.
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Democratic socialism
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socialism within the context of a democratic system.
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The major difference between social democracy and democratic socialism is the object of their politics: contemporary social democrats support a welfare state and unemployment insurance as a means to "humanize" capitalism, whereas democratic socialists seek to replace capitalism with a socialist economic system, arguing that any attempt to "humanize" capitalism through regulations and welfare policies would distort the market and create economic contradictions
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Democratic socialists oppose authoritarian "socialists"
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Religious socialism
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intertwining of the Christian religion with the politics and economic theories of socialism.
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a more spiritual form of socialism. Muslim socialists believe that the teachings of the Qur'an and Muhammad are compatible with principles of equality and public ownership
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Islamic socialism
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Buddhist Socialism is another concept that seeks to reduce unnecessary consumption and create harmony while ensuring everyone's basic needs are met
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Anarchism is often defined as a political philosophy which holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary, or harmful
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anarchism entails opposing authority or hierarchical organization in the conduct of human relations, including, but not only, the state system
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workers cooperatives
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salaries based on the amount of time contributed to production,
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Democratic socialism generally refers to any political movement that seeks to establish an economy based on economic democracy by and for the working class.
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Syndicalism is a social movement that operates through industrial trade unions and rejects state socialism
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They reject using state power to construct a socialist society, favoring strategies such as the General strike. Syndicalists advocate a socialist economy based on federated unions or syndicates of workers who own and manage the means of production.
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28 Oct 13
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30 Sep 13
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23 Sep 13
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ocialism includes a diverse array of political philosophies, ra
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16 Apr 13
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Socialism is an economic system
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Social ownership
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There are many varieties of socialism and there is no single definition encapsulating all of them
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A socialist economic system would consist of a system of production and distribution organized to directly satisfy economic demands and human needs, so that goods and services would be produced directly for use instead of for private profit
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driven by the accumulation of capital.
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Distribution would be based on the principle to each according to his contribution.
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As a political movement, socialism includes a diverse array of political philosophies, ranging from reformism to revolutionary socialism.
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Modern socialism originated from an 18th-century intellectual and working class political movement that criticised the effects of industrialisation and private property on society. In the early 19th-century,
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However, by the late 19th-century, "socialism" had come to signify opposition to capitalism and advocacy for an alternative system based on some form of social ownership.
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Socialists generally argue that capitalism concentrates power and wealth within a small segment of society that controls the means of production and derives its wealth through a system of exploitation.
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In a fully developed socialist economy, production and balancing factor inputs with outputs becomes a technical process to be undertaken by engineers.[14]
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A planned economy is a type of economy consisting of a mixture of public ownership of the means of production and the coordination of production and distribution through economic planning
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A self-managed, decentralised economy is based upon autonomous self-regulating economic units and a decentralised mechanism of resource allocation and decision-making.
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State socialism can be used to classify any variety of socialist philosophies that advocates the ownership of the means of production by the state apparatus, either as a transitional stage between capitalism and socialism, or as an end-goal in itself. Typically it refers to a form of technocratic management, whereby technical specialists administer or manage economic enterprises on behalf of society (and the public interest) instead of workers' councils or workplace democracy.
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Market socialism consists of publicly owned or cooperatively owned enterprises operating in a market economy. It is a system that utilises the market and monetary prices for the allocation and accounting of the means of production, thereby retaining the process of capital accumulation. The profit generated would be used to directly remunerate employees or finance public institutions.[37] In state-oriented forms of market socialism, in which state enterprises attempt to maximise profit, the profits can be used to fund government programs and services through a social dividend, eliminating or greatly diminishing the need for various forms of taxation that exist in capitalist systems. The neoclassical economist Léon Walras believed that a socialist economy based on state ownership of land and natural resources would provide a means of public finance to make income taxes unnecessary.[38] Yugoslavia implemented a market socialist economy based on cooperatives and worker self-management.
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The current economic system in China is formally referred to as a Socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics
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In the most influential of all economic theories on socialist thought, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels argued that socialism would emerge out of historical necessity as capitalism rendered itself obsolete and unsustainable from increasing internal contradictions emerging from the development of the productive forces and technology. It was these advances in the productive forces combined with the old social relations of production of capitalism that would generate contradictions, leading to working-class consciousness.[49]
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The major difference between social democracy and democratic socialism is the object of their politics: contemporary social democrats support a welfare state and unemployment insurance as a means to "humanize" capitalism, whereas democratic socialists seek to replace capitalism with a socialist economic system, arguing that any attempt to "humanize" capitalism through regulations and welfare policies would distort the market and create economic contradictions.[76]
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Social democrats adopt free market policies
Main article: Third Way (centrism) -
Democratic socialism is an international movement for freedom, social justice, and solidarity. Its goal is to achieve a peaceful world where these basic values can be enhanced and where each individual can live a meaningful life with the full development of his or her personality and talents, and with the guarantee of human and civil rights in a democratic framework of society.[147]
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10 Mar 13
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ocialism is an economic system characterised by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy
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26 Oct 12
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produced directly for use instead of for private profit
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12 Sep 12
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14 Feb 12
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social ownership or control of the means of production and cooperative management of the econ
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racteriz
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02 Dec 11
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Socialism
/ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/ is an economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy; or a political philosophy advocating such a system.[1] "Social ownership" may refer to any one of, or a combination of, the following: cooperative enterprises, common ownership, autonomous public ownership or state ownership.
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04 Oct 11
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Socialism /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/ is an economic system in which the means of production are either state owned or commonly owned and controlled cooperatively; or a political philosophy advocating such a system.[1] As a form of social organization, socialism is based on co-operative social relations and self-management; relatively equal power-relations and the reduction or elimination of hierarchy in the management of economic and political affairs.
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Proponents of the State socialist form of socialism advocate for the nationalisation of the means of production, distribution and exchange as a strategy for implementing socialism; while social democrats advocate public control of capital within the framework of a market economy. Libertarian socialists and anarchists reject using the state to build socialism, arguing that socialism will, and must, either arise spontaneously or be built from the bottom up utilizing the strategy of dual power.
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Saint-Simon, Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx advocated the creation of a society that allows for the widespread application of modern technology to rationalise economic activity by eliminating the anarchy of capitalist production that results in instability and cyclical crises of overproduction.
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02 Jun 11
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13 Apr 11
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Socialism is an economic and political theory
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which varies in different types of socialism.[4][5] This ranges from the establishment of cooperative management stru
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ds so that prod
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are distributed through markets, and distribution of income is based on the principle of individual merit/individual contribution.[
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11 Apr 11
Amy VolovickWhy did certain European countries after World War Two decide to merge their economic policies?
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"the government... wanted what would become known as a mixed economy".[27] Beckett also states that "Everyone called the 1945 government 'socialist'." These governments nationalised major and economically vital industries while permitting a free market to continue in the rest.
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for the purpose of competent management, of economic rescue (in the UK, British Leyland, Rolls-Royce), or of competing on the world market.
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28 Feb 11
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This ranges from
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will, and must,
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secession from
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centrally planned economies
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27 Jan 11
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06 Nov 10
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As an economic system, socialism is a system of production based on the direct production of use-values by allocating economic inputs (the means of production) and investments through planning to directly satisfy economic demand. Economic calculation is based on either calculation-in-kind or a direct measure of labour time[4][5], output for individual consumption is distributed through markets, and distribution of income is based on individual merit or individual contribution.[6]
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Modern socialism originated in the late 18th-century intellectual and working class political movement that criticised the effects of industrialisation and private property on society
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Karl Marx advocated the creation of a society that allows for the widespread application of modern technology to rationalise economic activity by eliminating the anarchy of capitalist production that results in instability and cyclical crises of overproduction.[
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The socialist perspective is generally based on materialism and the understanding that human behavior is largely shaped by the social environment
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Socialists generally share the view that capitalism concentrates power and wealth within a small segment of society that controls the means of production and derives its wealth through a system of exploitation.
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This creates a stratified society based on unequal social relations that fails to provide equal opportunities for every individual to maximize their potential,[14] and does not utilise available technology and resources to their maximum potential in the interests of the public[1
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07 Oct 10
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or common ownership and cooperative management of the means of production and allocation of resources.[1][2][3]
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reduction or elimination of hierarchical and bureaucratic forms of administration and governance; the extent of which varies in different types of soci
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22 Aug 10
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05 Aug 10
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27 May 10
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22 Mar 10
Brittany PetersSocialism
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21 Mar 10
J Larsonsocialism
"Socialism." wikipedia.com. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2010. -
14 Mar 10
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A dividing feature of the socialist movement is the split between reformists and revolutionaries on how a socialist economy should be established.
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02 Feb 10
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Most socialists share the view that capitalism unfairly concentrates power and wealth among a small segment of society that controls capital and derives its wealth through exploitation, creates an unequal society, does not provide equal opportunities for everyone to maximise their potential[4] and does not utilise technology and resources to their maximum potential nor in the interests of the public.[5]
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This would allow for wealth and power to be distributed based on the amount of work expended in production,
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the creation of centrally planned economies directed by a state that owns all the means of production.
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combining co-operative and state ownership models with the free market exchange and free price system
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the modern concept of socialism evolved in response to the development of industrial capitalism.
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He advocated the creation of a society in which each person was ranked according to his or her capacities and rewarded according to his or her work.[9
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the proletariat will control the means of production through a workers' state erected by the workers in their interests. Economic activity is still organised through the use of incentive systems and social classes would still exist but to a lesser and diminishing extent than under capitalism.[20]
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19 Jan 10
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Socialism refers to the various theories of economic organization advocating public or direct worker ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources, and a society characterized by equal access to resources for all individuals with a method of compensation based on the amount of labor expended.[1][2][3]
Most socialists share the view that capitalism unfairly concentrates power and wealth among a small segment of society that controls capital and derives its wealth through exploitation, creates an unequal society, does not provide equal opportunities for everyone to maximise their potential[4] and does not utilise technology and resources to their maximum potential nor in the interests of the public.[5]
Friedrich Engels, one of the founders of modern socialist theory, and Henri de Saint-Simon, a French Utopian Socialism theorist, advocated the creation of a society that allows for the widespread application of modern technology to rationalise economic activity by eliminating the anarchy of capitalist production.[6][7] This would allow for wealth and power to be distributed based on the amount of work expended in production, although there is disagreement among socialists over how and to what extent this could be achieved.
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13 Nov 09
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01 Nov 09
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Socialism refers to various theories of economic organization advocating public or direct worker ownership and administration of the means of production and allocation of resources, and a society characterized by equal access to resources for all individuals with a method of compensation based on the amount of labor expended
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Soviet economic planning was an alternative to allowing the market (supply and demand) to determine prices and production. During the Great Depression, many socialists considered Soviet-style planned economies the remedy to capitalism's inherent flaws – monopoly, business cycles, unemployment, unequally distributed wealth, and the economic exploitation of workers.
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25 Jun 09
Chris inCaSocialism refers to any one of various theories of economic organization advocating state or cooperative ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and a society characterized by equal opportunities/means for all in
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01 Apr 09
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In the economy of the Soviet Union, state ownership of the means of production was combined with central planning, in relation to which goods and services to make and provide, how they were to be produced, the quantities, and the sale prices. Soviet economic planning was an alternative to allowing the market (supply and demand) to determine prices and production.
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17 Nov 08
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30 Oct 08
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Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the means of production and distribution of goods, and the creation of an egalitarian society[1][2] Modern socialism originated in the late nineteenth-century working class political movement. Karl Marx posited that socialism would be achieved via class struggle and a proletarian revolution which represents the transitional stage between capitalism and communism.[3][4]
Socialists mainly share the belief that capitalism unfairly concentrates power and wealth among a small segment of society that controls capital and creates an unequal society. All socialists advocate the creation of an egalitarian society, in which wealth and power are distributed more evenly, although there is considerable disagreement among socialists over how, and to what extent this could be achieved.[1]
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the mainstream introduction of which usage is attributed, in France, to Pierre Leroux[12] and to Marie Roch Louis Reybaud; and in Britain to Robert Owen in 1827, father of the cooperative movement.
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Western European social critics were the first, modern socialists – Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Louis Blanc, and Saint-Simon, who criticised the excessive poverty and inequality consequence of the Industrial Revolution, and advocated reform via the egalitarian distribution of wealth and the transformation of society to small communities without private property. Saint-Simon delineated collectivist principles reorganizing society to so build socialism upon planned, utopian communities.
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Economically, socialism denotes an economic system of state ownership and / or worker ownership of the means of production and distribution. In the U.S.S.R., state ownership of the means of production was combined with central planning – what goods and services to make and provide, how they were to be produced, the quantities, and the sale prices (cf. Economy of the Soviet Union).
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Socialism developed in reaction to modern industrial capitalism, but disagree on the nature of their relationship.
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29 Oct 08
anai musicksocialism
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18 Jun 08
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31 Jan 08
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02 Jan 08
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27 Nov 07
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28 May 07
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25 Apr 07
christopherritterSocialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community.
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15 Apr 07
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doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community
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As an economic system, socialism is often characterized by state or community ownership of the means of production.
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transition between capitalism and communism,
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communist society entails the absence of differing social classes and thus the end of class warfare
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socialism is often used to refer to an economic system characterized by state ownership of the means of production and distribution
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socialism, as a doctrine, developed as a reaction to the rise of modern industrial capitalism
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Socialism >
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Lenin, however, denounced the war as an imperialist conflict, and urged workers worldwide to use it as an occasion for proletarian revolution
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During the war, socialist parties in France and Germany supported their respective state's wartime military
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The Soviet Union, for example, never claimed that it was a communist society
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communist
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13 Apr 06
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14 Feb 06
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