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Problem solving
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Computer science and algorithmics[edit]
In computer science and in the part of artificial intelligence that deals with algorithms ("algorithmics"), problem solving encompasses a number of techniques known as algorithms, heuristics, root cause analysis, etc. In these disciplines, problem solving is part of a larger process that encompasses problem determination, de-duplication, analysis, diagnosis, repair, etc.
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Abstraction: solving the problem in a model of the system before applying it to the real system
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Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist
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Research: employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems
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Computer Science and Algorithmics
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- Abstraction: solving the problem in a model of the system before applying it to the real system
- Analogy: using a solution that solved an analogous problem
- Brainstorming: (especially among groups of people) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and combining and developing them until an optimum is found
- Divide and conquer: breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems
- Hypothesis testing: assuming a possible explanation to the problem and trying to prove (or, in some contexts, disprove) the assumption
- Lateral thinking: approaching solutions indirectly and creatively
- Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal
- Method of focal objects: synthesizing seemingly non-matching characteristics of different objects into something new
- Morphological analysis: assessing the output and interactions of an entire system
- Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist
- Research: employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems
- Root cause analysis: eliminating the cause of the problem
- Trial-and-error: testing possible solutions until the right one is found
- Proof: try to prove that the problem cannot be solved. The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for solving it
Problem-solving techniques
These techniques are usually called problem solving strategies.
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- Eight Disciplines Problem Solving
- GROW model
- How to solve it
- Kepner-Tregoe Problem Solving and Decision Making
- PDCA (plan–do–check–act)
- Productive Thinking Model
- RPR Problem Diagnosis (rapid problem resolution)
- TRIZ (in russian: Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch, "theory of solving inventor's problems")
Problem-solving methodologies
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Problem solving is a mental process which is the concluding part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping where problem is defined as a state of desire for the reaching of a definite goal from a present condition that either is not directly moving toward the goal, is far from it or needs more complex logic for finding a missing description of conditions or steps toward the goal [1]. Considered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as a higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills.[2] Problem solving has two major domains: mathematical problem solving and personal problem solving where, in the second, some difficulty or barrier is encountered.[3] Further problem solving occurs when moving from a given state to a desired goal state is needed for either living organisms or an artificial intelligence system.
While problem solving accompanies the very beginning of human evolution and especially the history of mathematics,[3] the nature of human problem solving processes and methods has been studied by psychologists over the past hundred years. Methods of studying problem solving include introspection, behaviorism, simulation, computer modeling and experiment.
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03 Feb 12
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- Abstraction: solving the problem in a model of the system before applying it to the real system
- Analogy: using a solution that solved an analogous problem
- Brainstorming: (especially among groups of people) suggesting a large number of solutions or ideas and combining and developing them until an optimum is found
- Divide and conquer: breaking down a large, complex problem into smaller, solvable problems
- Hypothesis testing: assuming a possible explanation to the problem and trying to prove (or, in some contexts, disprove) the assumption
- Lateral thinking: approaching solutions indirectly and creatively
- Means-ends analysis: choosing an action at each step to move closer to the goal
- Method of focal objects: synthesizing seemingly non-matching characteristics of different objects into something new
- Morphological analysis: assessing the output and interactions of an entire system
- Reduction: transforming the problem into another problem for which solutions exist
- Research: employing existing ideas or adapting existing solutions to similar problems
- Root cause analysis: eliminating the cause of the problem
- Trial-and-error: testing possible solutions until the right one is found
- Proof: try to prove that the problem cannot be solved. The point where the proof fails will be the starting point for solving it
- Eight Disciplines Problem Solving
- GROW model
- How to solve it
- Kepner-Tregoe Problem Solving and Decision Making
- PDCA (plan–do–check–act)
- Productive Thinking Model
- RPR Problem Diagnosis (rapid problem resolution)
- TRIZ (in russian: Teoriya Resheniya Izobretatelskikh Zadatch, "theory of solving inventor's problems")
These techniques are usually called problem solving strategies.
[edit] Problem-solving methodologies
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Problem-solving techniques
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Problem-solving methodologies
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Problem solving is a mental process and is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
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Characteristics of difficult problems
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Problem-solving techniques
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Problem-solving methodologies
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Problem solving is a mental process and is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
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Problem solving forms part of thinking. Considered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills (Goldstein & Levin, 1987). It occurs if an organism or an artificial intelligence system does not know how to proceed from a given state to a desired goal state. It is part of the larger problem process that includes problem finding and problem shaping.
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The nature of human problem solving methods has been studied by psychologists over the past hundred years. There are several methods of studying problem solving, including; introspection, behaviorism, simulation and computer modeling, and experiment.
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16 Jun 08
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Problem solving
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Some problem-solving techniques
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Problem-solving strategies[edit]
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23 Oct 07
Mark SabinoConsidered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills (Goldstein & Levin, 1987).
wiki productivity tools ProblemSolving management GN1005 uni
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04 Oct 07
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02 Oct 07
Dante-Gabryell MonsonProblem solving forms part of thinking. Considered the most complex of all intellectual functions, problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills
Wikipedia Collaboration Design Philosophy ProblemSolving Psychology Thinkers Cognitive learning for:mbauwens for:srose
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Tom Hemingway"problem solving has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills"; article includes shared characteristics of difficult problems and list of problem-solving techniques with
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