This link has been bookmarked by 9 people . It was first bookmarked on 21 Apr 2008, by Nishant Mehta.
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25 Apr 13
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The Arab League in Cairo Summit 1964 initiated the creation of an organization representing the Palestinian people.
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Concluding this meeting the PLO was founded on 2 June 1964. Its
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Statement of Proclamation of the Organization[19] declared "... the right of the Palestinian Arab people to its sacred homeland Palestine and affirming the inevitability of the battle to liberate the usurped part from it, and its determination to bring out its effective revolutionary entity and the mobilization of the capabilities and potentialities and its material, military and spiritual forces
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Due to the influence of the Egyptian President Nasser, the PLO supported 'Pan-Arabism', as advocated by him – this was the ideology that the Arabs should live in one state. The first executive committee was formed on 9 August, with Ahmad Shuqeiri as its leader
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Although Egypt and Jordan supported the creation of a Palestinian state on land that they recognised as being occupied by Israel, they would not grant sovereignty to the Palestinian people in lands under Jordanian and Egyptian military occupation, amounting to 53% of the territory allocated to Arabs under the UN Partition Plan. Hence, Article 24: "This Organization does not exercise any territorial sovereignty over the West Bank, the Gaza Strip or in the Himmah Area."
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The resounding defeat of Syria, Jordan and Egypt in the Six Day War of 1967 destroyed the credibility of Arab states that had fought to be patrons for the Palestinian people and their nationalist cause
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From 1969 to September 1970 the PLO, with passive support from Jordan, fought a war of attrition with Israel. During this time, the PLO launched artillery attacks on the moshavim and kibbutzim of Bet Shean Valley Regional Council, while fedayeen launched numerous attacks on Israeli forces. Israel raided the PLO camps in Jordan, withdrawing only under Jordanian military pressure.[citation needed]
This conflict culminated in Jordan's expulsion of the PLO to Lebanon in July 1971.
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Black September in Jordan
Main article: Black September in JordanThe PLO suffered a major reversal with the Jordanian assault on its armed groups in the events known as Black September in 1970. The Palestinian groups were expelled from Jordan, and during the 1970s, the PLO was effectively an umbrella group of eight organizations headquartered in Damascus and Beirut, all devoted to armed resistance to either Zionism or Israeli occupation, using methods which included direct clashing and guerrilla warfare against Israel. After Black September, the Cairo Agreement led the PLO to establish itself in Lebanon.
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In the late 1960s, and especially after the expulsion of the Palestinian militants from Jordan in Black September events in 1970-1971, Lebanon had become the base for PLO operations. Palestinian militant organizations relocated their headquarters to South Lebanon
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Increasing penetration of Palestinians into Lebanese politics and Israeli retaliations gradually deteriorated the situation.
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In 1975, the increasing tensions between Palestinian militants and Christian militias exploded into the Lebanese Civil War, involving all factions. On 20 January 1976, the PLO took part in the Damour massacre in retaliation to the Karantina massacre.
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11 Feb 13
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14 Nov 12
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The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
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is a political and paramilitary organization which was created in 1964
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sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations and over 100 states with which it holds diplomatic relations, and has enjoyed observer status at the United Nations since 1974
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The PLO was considered by the United States and Israel to be a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference in 1991
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In 1993, PLO recognized Israel's right to exist
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The PLO has a nominal legislative body, the Palestinian National Council (PNC), but most actual political power and decisions are controlled by the PLO Executive Committee, made up of 18 people elected by the PNC
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Yasser Arafat was the Chairman of the PLO Executive Committee from 1969 until his death in 2004. He was succeeded by Mahmoud Abbas (also known as Abu Mazen)
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the PLO was responsible for terrorist activities performed against Israel in the 1970s and early 1980s. In 1988, however, the PLO officially endorsed a two-state solution, contingent on terms such as making East Jerusalem capital of the Palestinian state and giving Palestinians the right of return to land occupied by Palestinians prior to 1948, as well as the right to continue armed struggle until the end of "The Zionist Entity."[13] In 1996, the PLO nullified the articles of the PLO's Charter, or parts of it, which called for the destruction of Israel and for armed resistance
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The Arab League in Cairo Summit 1964 initiated the creation of an organization representing the Palestinian people
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The Palestinian National Council convened in Jerusalem on 28 May 1964. Concluding this meeting the PLO was founded on 2 June 1964
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Mahmoud Abbas "Abu Mazen" (From 29 October 2004 – present)
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The resounding defeat of Syria, Jordan and Egypt in the Six Day War of 1967 destroyed the credibility of Arab states
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The way was opened, particularly after the Battle of Karameh in March 1968, for Yasser Arafat to rise to power
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Arafat was appointed PLO chairman at the Palestinian National Congress in Cairo on 4 February 1969
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From 1969 to September 1970 the PLO, with passive support from Jordan, fought a war of attrition with Israel
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which calls for the establishment of a national authority over any piece of liberated Palestinian land, and to actively pursue the establishment of a democratic state in Israel/Palestine
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In 1974, the PNC approved the Ten Point Program
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Israel claimed to see the Ten Point Program as dangerous, because it allegedly allows the Palestinian leadership to enter negotiations with Israel on issues where Israel can compromise, but under the intention of exploiting the compromises in order to "improve positions" for attacking Israel
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Lebanon had become the base for PLO operations
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Palestinian militant organizations relocated their headquarters to South Lebanon
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In 1975, the increasing tensions between Palestinian militants and Christian militias exploded into the Lebanese Civil War, involving all factions. On 20 January 1976, the PLO took part in the Damour massacre in retaliation to the Karantina massacre. The PLO and Lebanese National Movement attacked the Christian town of Damour, killing 684 civilians and forcing the remainder of the towns population to flee. In 1976, Syria joined the war, by invading Lebanon, and beginning the 29 year Syrian occupation of Lebanon, and in 1978 Israel invaded South Lebanon, in response to the Coastal Road Massacre, executed by Palestinian militants based in Lebanon.
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In 1982, after an attack on a senior Israeli diplomat by Lebanese based Palestinian militants in Lebanon, Israel invaded Lebanon in a much larger scale in coordination with the Lebanese Christian militias, reaching Beirut and eventually resulting in ousting of the PLO headquarters in June that year
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In 1982, the PLO relocated to Tunis, Tunisia after it was driven out of Lebanon by Israel during Israel's six-month invasion of Lebanon.
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On 1 October 1985, in Operation Wooden Leg, Israeli Air Force F-15s bombed the PLO's Tunis headquarters, killing more than 60 people.
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In 1990, the PLO under Yasser Arafat openly supported Saddam Hussein in Iraqi regime's invasion of Kuwait, leading to a later rupture in Palestinian-Kuwaiti ties and the expulsion of many Palestinians from Kuwait.
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In 1993, the PLO secretly negotiated the Oslo Accords with Israel
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The Accords granted the Palestinians right to self-government on the Gaza Strip and the city of Jericho in the West Bank through the creation of the Palestinian Authority
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Arafat elected president in January 1996
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The headquarters of the PLO were moved to Ramallah on the West Bank
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The Palestinian National Charter as amended in 1968, endorsed the use of armed struggle against the internationally recognized state of Israel
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The most controversial element of text of the Charter were many clauses declaring the creation of the state of Israel "null and void", because it was created by force on Palestinian soil
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21 Oct 11
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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
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created in 1964
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"sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people" by the United Nations
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observer status at the United Nations since 1974.
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was considered by the United States and Israel to be a terrorist organization until the Madrid Conference in 1991.
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1993, PLO recognized Israel's right to exist in peace, accepted UN Security Council resolutions 242 and 338, and rejected "violence and terrorism"; in response, Israel officially recognized the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people
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21 Apr 08
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the PLO officially adopted a two-state solution, with Israel and Palestine living side by side contingent on specific terms such as making East Jerusalem capital of the Palestinian state and giving Palestinians right of return,[3]
In 1993, P.L.O. chairman Yasser Arafat recognized the State of Israel in an official letter to its prime minister, Yitzhak Rabin:
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Although the PLO and the Palestinian Authority are not formally linked the PLO dominates the administration. The headquarters of the PLO were moved to Ramallah on the West Bank.
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