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02 Apr 15
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A lucid dream is any dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming.
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In relation to this phenomenon, Greek philosopher Aristotle observed: "often when one is asleep, there is something in consciousness which declares that what then presents itself is but a dream"
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The person most widely acknowledged as having coined the term is Dutch psychiatrist and writer Frederik (Willem) van Eeden (1860–1932).[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In a lucid dream, the dreamer has greater chances to exert some degree of control over their participation within the dream or be able to manipulate their experiences in the dream environment.
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Lucid dreams can be realistic and vivid.[13] It is shown that there are higher amounts of beta-1 frequency band (13–19 Hz) brain wave activity experienced by lucid dreamers, hence there is an increased amount of activity in the parietal lobes making lucid dreaming a conscious process.
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The first book to recognize the scientific potential of lucid dreams was Marquis d'Hervey de Saint-Denys's 1867 Les Reves et Les Moyens de Les Diriger: Observations Pratiques.[20] This French publication, originally published anonymously, translates as 'Dreams and the ways to direct them: practical observations'.
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Later, researcher Celia Green's 1968 study Lucid Dreams.[21] analyzed the main characteristics of such dreams, reviewing previously published literature on the subject and incorporating new data from participants of her own. She concluded that lucid dreams were a category of experience quite distinct from ordinary dreams, and predicted that they would turn out to be associated with rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Green was also the first to link lucid dreams to the phenomenon of false awakenings.
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Philosopher Norman Malcolm's 1959 text Dreaming[22] had argued against the possibility of checking the accuracy of dream reports. He points out "The only criterion of the truth of a statement that someone has had a certain dream is, essentially, his saying so.".[17] The realization that eye movements performed in dreams may affect the dreamer's physical eyes provided a way to prove that actions agreed upon during waking life could be recalled and performed once lucid in a dream. The first evidence of this type was produced in the late 1970s by British parapsychologist Keith Hearne. A volunteer named Alan Worsley used eye movements to signal the onset of lucidity, which were recorded by a polysomnograph machine.
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Hearne's results were not widely distributed. The first peer-reviewed article was published some years later by Stephen LaBerge at Stanford University, who had independently developed a similar technique as part of his doctoral dissertation.
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During the 1980s, further scientific evidence of lucid dreaming was produced as lucid dreamers were able to demonstrate to researchers that they were consciously aware of being in a dream state (again, primarily using eye movement signals).[24] Additionally, techniques were developed that have been experimentally proven to enhance the likelihood of achieving this state.[25]
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Paul Tholey, an oneirologist and Gestalt theorist laid the epistemological basis for the research of lucid dreams. His work laid the foreground for further researchers to categorize what a lucid dream is. Tholey (1980, 1981) defined seven different conditions of clarity that a dream must fulfill in order to be defined as a lucid dream:
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Awareness of the dream state (orientation);
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- Awareness of the capacity to make decisions;
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- Awareness of memory functions;
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Awareness of self;
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Awareness of the dream environment;
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- Awareness of the meaning of the dream;
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Awareness of concentration and focus (the subjective clarity of that state).
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For a dream to be lucid as defined by Tholey, it must fulfill all 7 factors together. Tholey replaces the word ‘Klarheit’ (clarity) with the word ‘awareness’, which is a well known and central term in Gestalt therapy theory and describes the subjective experience of the conscious dream state quite well (Lucid dreaming – dreams of clarity
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A lucid dream can begin in one of many ways. A dream-initiated lucid dream (D.I.L.D.) starts as a normal dream, and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream. A wake-initiated lucid dream (W.I.L.D.) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state, with no apparent lapse in consciousness. The wake-initiated lucid dream occurs when the sleeper enters REM sleep with unbroken self-awareness directly from the waking state.[29]
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A pre-lucid dream is one in which the dreamer considers the question, "Am I asleep and dreaming?" The dreamer may or may not come to the correct conclusion. Such experiences are liable to occur to people who are deliberately cultivating lucid dreams, but may also occur spontaneously to those with no prior intention to achieve lucidity in dreams.
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Neuroscientist J. Allan Hobson has hypothesized what might be occurring in the brain while lucid. The first step to lucid dreaming is recognizing one is dreaming. This recognition might occur in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, which is one of the few areas deactivated during REM sleep and where working memory occurs.[citation needed] Once this area is activated and the recognition of dreaming occurs, the dreamer must be cautious to let the dream continue but be conscious enough to remember that it is a dream. While maintaining this balance, the amygdala and parahippocampal cortex might be less intensely activated.[32] To continue the intensity of the dream hallucinations, it is expected the pons and the parieto-occipital junction stay active.[33]
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In a study performed by Stephen LaBerge, four subjects were compared either singing while dreaming or counting while dreaming. LaBerge found that the right hemisphere was more active during singing and the left hemisphere was more active during counting. These results resemble similar findings in subjects that were awake
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This study was a precursor to the question LaBerge has always tried to answer, is there a brain state for lucid dreaming?
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Physiological recordings like electroencephalograms (EEG) have shown that lucid dreams begin in the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage of sleep (Ogilvie, Hunt, Sawicki and McGowan, 1978).[35] In fact, multiple studies led by LaBerge have only shown lucid dreams to occur in the REM stage. Nonetheless it is not impossible that lucid dreams could occur in any of the other sleep stages, which is why physiological tests are highly valuable to this topic.
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Polysomnography is another beneficial physiological study to conduct because it collects data from a number of sources, inevitably compounding all the information to give the researcher a well-rounded understanding of the human physiology while an individual is experiencing a lucid dream. Polysomnography records your brain waves, the oxygen level in your blood, heart rate and breathing, eye movements, leg movements, and many other variables during the study (Polysomnograph (sleep study)).[36] Via polysomnographic technology LaBerge, Levitan and Dement (1986) compared eye movements, heart rate, blood pressure and skin potential in both lucid and non-lucid dreams and showed that lucid dreams occurred in the REM stage characterized by increased physiological activation.[37]
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While dream control and dream awareness are correlated, neither requires the other—LaBerge found dreams that exhibit one clearly without the capacity for the other; also, in some dreams where the dreamer is lucid and aware they could exercise control, they choose simply to observe.[10] In 1992, a study by Deirdre Barrett examined whether lucid dreams contained four "corollaries" of lucidity:
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The dreamer is aware that they are dreaming
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Objects disappear after waking
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- Physical laws need not apply in the dream
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The dreamer has a clear memory of the waking world
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n a later study in Barrett's book, The Committee of Sleep,[46] she describes how some experienced lucid dreamers have learned to remember specific practical goals such as artists looking for inspiration seeking a show of their own work once they become lucid or computer programmers looking for a screen with their desired code. However, most of these dreamers had many experiences of failing to recall waking objectives before gaining this level of control.
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In addition, a case study published in 2012 suggests that during a lucid dream the bilateral frontopolar area of the brain (usually attributed to the evaluation of ones own thoughts and feelings etc.) undergoes an increase in activity.[47]
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Other researchers have described the phenomenon of lucid dreaming not as a part of sleep, but as a brief wakeful state, or "micro-awakening".[15][16] Experiments by Stephen LaBerge used "perception of the outside world" as a criterion for wakefulness while studying lucid dreamers.[19] Although their sleep state was corroborated with physiological measurements, LaBerge admits the criterion is subjective.[49] Physiologically, brain activity during REM sleep is similar to wakefulness.[50] Dr. John Allan Hobson illustrates the ambiguity of these experiments, as LaBerge's subjects always experienced their lucid dream while in a state of REM. Hobson concludes that lucid dreaming is a state of both waking and dreaming.[51] Fellow dream researcher Michael Schredl found Hobson's conclusion to be over-simplifying, saying that the physiological state of lucid dreamers appears to be closer to other states of consciousness, such as meditation, than to wakefulness.[52]
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Also, in early Buddhism it was a common practice among people in the monastic community. As preserved in the ancient Sarvastivada school's Sutra on Mindfulness of the Body in the Madhayama agama (equivalent of Pali Kayagatasati) it states that monks and nuns under practice should be 'Understanding (having awareness in) the four postures and states of being asleep or awake'
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Documented since the 8th century, Tibetan Buddhists and Bonpo were practicing a form of dream yoga held to maintain full waking consciousness while in the dream state. One important message of the book is the distinction between the Dzogchen meditation of awareness and dream yoga. The Dzogchen awareness meditation has also been referred to by the terms rigpa awareness, contemplation, and presence. Awareness during the sleep and dream states is associated with the Dzogchen practice of natural light. This practice only achieves lucid dreams as a secondary effect—in contrast to dream yoga, which aims primarily at lucid dreaming. According to Buddhist teachers, the experience of lucidity helps us understand the unreality of phenomena, which would otherwise be overwhelming during dream or the death experience.
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An early recorded lucid dreamer was the philosopher and physician Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682). Browne was fascinated by the world of dreams and described his own ability to lucid dream in his Religio Medici: "...yet in one dream I can compose a whole Comedy, behold the action, apprehend the jests and laugh my self awake at the conceits thereof".
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During most dreams, the person dreaming is not aware that they are dreaming, no matter how absurd or eccentric the dream is. The reason for this has not been determined, and does not have an obvious answer. There have been attempts by various fields of psychology to provide an explanation. For example, some proponents of depth psychology suggest that mental processes inhibit the critical evaluation of reality within dreams.[68]
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Certain physiological studies suggest that "seeing is believing" to the brain during any mental state. If the brain perceives something with great clarity or intensity, it will believe that it is real, even when asleep.[69] Dream consciousness is similar to that of a hallucinating awake subject. Dreams or hallucinatory images triggered by the brain stem are considered to be real, even if fantasy.[70] The impulse to accept the experience as real is so strong the dreamer will often invent a memory or a story to cover up an incongruous or unrealistic event in the dream. For example, "That man has two heads!" is not usually followed with "I must be dreaming!" but with something like "Yes, I read in the paper about these famous conjoined twins." Other times there will be an explanation that, in the dream, makes sense and seems very logical. However, when the dreamer awakes, he/she will realize that it is rather far-fetched or even completely absurd.[71]
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28 Feb 15
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19 Feb 15
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26 Sep 14
nsuarez1wikipedia
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A lucid dream can begin in one of many ways. A dream-initiated lucid dream (D.I.L.D.) starts as a normal dream, and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream. A wake-initiated lucid dream (W.I.L.D.) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state, with no apparent lapse in consciousness. The wake-initiated lucid dream occurs when the sleeper enters REM sleep with unbroken self-awareness directly from the waking state.[29]
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23 Feb 14
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19 Feb 14
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A lucid dream is any dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming.
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In a lucid dream, the dreamer has greater chances to exert some degree of control over their participation within the dream or be able to manipulate their imaginary experiences in the dream environment
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Lucid dreams can be realistic and vivid
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there is an increased amount of activity in the parietal lobes making lucid dreaming a conscious process.
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Initiation
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A lucid dream can begin in one of many ways. A dream-initiated lucid dream (D.I.L.D.) starts as just a normal dream, and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream. A wake-initiated lucid dream (W.I.L.D) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state, with no apparent lapse in consciousness. The wake-initiated lucid dream occurs when the sleeper enters REM sleep with unbroken self-awareness directly from the waking state
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- The dreamer is aware that they are dreaming
- Objects disappear after waking
- Physical laws need not apply in the dream
- The dreamer has a clear memory of the waking world
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12 Oct 13
Dmitry NekhanA lucid dream is any dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming. The phenomenon had also been referred to by Greek philosopher Aristotle who had observed: "often when one is asleep, there is something in consciousness which declares that what then presents itself is but a dream".[1] One of the earliest references to personal experiences with lucid dreaming was by Marie-Jean-Léon, Marquis d'Hervey de Saint Denys. The person most widely acknowledged as having coined the term is Dutch psychiatrist and writer Frederik (Willem) van Eeden (1860-1932). In a lucid dream, the dreamer has greater chances to exert some degree of control over their participation within the dream or be able to manipulate their imaginary experiences in the dream environment. Lucid dreams can be realistic and vivid. It is shown that there are higher amounts of beta-1 frequency band (13-19 Hz) experienced by lucid dreamers, hence there is an increased amount of activity in the parietal lobes making lucid dreaming a conscious process.
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20 Jun 13
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and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream. A wake-initiated lucid dream occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state, with no apparent lapse in consciousness. The wake-initiated lucid dream "occurs when the sleeper enters REM sleep with unbroken self-awareness directly from the waking state".[25]
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19 May 13
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27 Mar 13
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A pilot study was performed in 2006 that showed that lucid dreaming therapy treatment was successful in reducing nightmare frequency.
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False awakening
Main article: False awakeningIn a false awakening, one dreams of having awoken. The room the dreamer falsely awakens in is often similar to the room he/she fell asleep in. If the person was lucid, they often believe that they are no longer dreaming and begin their morning routine. The dreamer remains naive to the dream either until they realize they haven't actually woken up or until they really do wake up.
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25 Jan 13
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14 Oct 12
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Experiencing sleep paralysis is a necessary part of WILD (wake-initiated lucid dream), in which dreamers essentially detach their "dream" body from the paralyzed one
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The impulse to accept the experience as real is so strong the dreamer will often invent a memory or a story to cover up an incongruous or unrealistic event in the dream. For example, "That man has two heads!" is not usually followed with "I must be dreaming!" but with something like "Yes, I read in the paper about these famous Siamese twins." Other times there will be an explanation that, in the dream, makes sense and seems very logical. However, when the dreamer awakes, he/she will realize that it is rather far-fetched or even completely absurd.
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24 Jul 12
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23 May 11
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12 Apr 11
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A dream-initiated lucid dream (DILD) starts as a normal dream, and the dreamer eventually concludes it is a dream
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a wake-initiated lucid dream (WILD) occurs when the dreamer goes from a normal waking state directly into a dream state, with no apparent lapse in consciousness.
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A lucid dream is a dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming.
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08 Apr 11
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A lucid dream is a dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming
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Awareness and reasoning
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Awareness and reasoning
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Dream recall
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10 Jan 11
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A lucid dream, in simplest terms, is a dream in which one is aware that one is dreaming.
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The rate time passes while lucid dreaming has been shown to be about the same as while waking.[citation needed] However, a 1995 study in Germany indicated that lucid dreaming can also have varied time spans, in which the dreamer can control the length.
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Dream recollection is the ability to remember dreams. Good dream recall is often described as the first step towards lucid dreaming. Better recall increases awareness of dreams in general; with limited dream recall, any lucid dreams one has can be forgotten entirely. To improve dream recall, some people keep a dream journal, writing or recording dreams the moment one awakes.[28] It is important to record the dreams as quickly as possible as there is a strong tendency to forget what one has dreamt.[
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Marqs ShortA lucid dream, also known as conscious dream, is a dream in which the sleeper is aware that he/she is dreaming. When the dreamer is lucid, they can actively participate in and often manipulate the imaginary experiences in the dream environment.
science psychology lucid dreams sleep neuroscience wiki delicious
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