Liver function tests - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - The Diigo Meta page

• 08 Sep 14
  

  salmantalkin
  • prothrombin time (PT
  • albumin
  • aPTT,
  • bilirubin (direct and indirect)
  • transaminases (AST
  • and ALT
  • testing is performed on a patient's blood sample
  • functionality (e.g., albumin)
  • cellular integrity (e.g., transaminas
  • biliary tract (gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase)
  • Albumin is a protein made specifically by the liver
  • It is the main constituent of total protein
  • Albumin levels are decreased in chronic liver disease
  • nephrotic syndrome
  • cirrhosis
  • edema
  • AST, also called serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase, is similar to ALT
  • associated with liver parenchymal cells
  • raised in acute liver damage
  • also present in red blood cells, and cardiac and skeletal muscle, so is not specific to the liver
  • The ratio of AST to ALT is sometimes useful in differentiating between causes of liver damage
  • AST has also been used as a cardiac marker.
  • AST/ALT elevations
  • favor liver cell necrosis as a mechanism over cholestasis
  • When AST and ALT are both over 1000 IU/L, the differential can include acetaminophen toxicity, shock, or fulminant liver failure
  • When AST and ALT are greater than three times normal but not greater than 1000 IU/L, the differential can include alcohol toxicity, viral hepatitis, drug-induced level, liver cancer, sepsis, Wilson's disease, post-transplant rejection of liver, autoimmune hepatitis, and steatohepatitis (nonalcoholic)
  • AST/ALT levels elevated minorly may be due to rhabdomyolysis
  • (ALP) is an enzyme in the cells lining the biliary ducts of the liver.
  • ALP levels in plasma rise with large bile duct obstruction, intrahepatic cholestasis, or infiltrative diseases of the liver.
  • LP is also present in bone and placental tissue,
  • higher in growing children
  • elderly patients with Paget's disease
  • hird trimester of pregnancy
  • Total bilirubin
  • unconjugated and conjugated
  • total bilirubin
  • Unconjugated bilirubin is a breakdown product of
  • heme (
  • hydrophobic
  • red blood cells)
  • Addition of high-concentration hydrophobic drugs (certain antibiotics, diuretics) and high free fatty acids can cause elevated unconjugated bilirubin.
  • transported bound to albumin
  • myoglobin, found mostly in muscle
  • cytochromes, found mostly in mitochondria
  • catalase, peroxidase, and nitric oxide synthase.
  • liver is responsible for clearing the blood of unconjugated bilirubin
  • bilirubin is taken up into hepatocytes
  • 'conjugated' (modified to make it water-soluble) by UDP-glucuronyl-transferase
  • secreted into the bile
  • excreted into the intestine
  • In the intestine, conjugated bilirubin may be metabolized by colonic bacteria
  • eliminated
  • reabsorbed
  • Metabolism of bilirubin into urobilinogen
  • reabsorption of urobilinogen accounts for the yellow color of urine
  • as urine contains a downstream product of urobilinogen
  • Further metabolism of urobilinogen into stercobilin while in the bowels accounts for the brown color of stool
  • Thus, having white or clay-colored stool is an indicator for a blockage in bilirubin processing and thus potential
  • liver dysfunction
  • cholestasis
  • Congenital bilirubin disorders
  • High bilirubin in neonates
  • specific to the liver
  • more sensitive marker for cholestatic damage than ALP
  • gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) may be elevated with even minor, subclinical levels of liver dysfunction
  • GGT is raised in chronic alcohol toxicity)
  • cause of an isolated elevation in ALP
  • liver
  • Elevated levels of LDH may indicate liver damage
  • LDH isotype-1
  • creatine kinase
  • troponin

  70 more annotations...

• 27 Apr 14
  

  XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX

  health

• 09 Jan 13
  

  nofchi
  • Liver function tests
  • liver transaminases (AST/ALT (SGOT/SGPT)
  • functionality (e.g., albumin); some with cellular integrity (e.g., transaminase) and some with conditions linked to the biliary tract (gamma-glutamyl transferase and alkaline phosphatase
  • Albumin levels are decreased in chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis.
  • decreased in nephrotic syndrome, where it is lost through the urine
  • Alanine transaminase (ALT),
  • enzyme present in hepatocytes
  • Aspartate transaminase (AST) a
  • liver parenchymal cell
  • raised in acute liver damage
  • not specific to the liver.
  • ALP levels in plasma will rise with large bile duct obstruction
  • Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
  • Total bilirubin
  • Direct bilirubin

  13 more annotations...

• 18 Oct 11
  

  Joan Weytze

  liver function tests liver function medical albumin billirubin transaminases range reference range

• 13 Nov 09
  

  Yonah Gefen

  health liver

• 19 Nov 08
  

  gailst

  bean

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