This link has been bookmarked by 17 people . It was first bookmarked on 26 Feb 2008, by hianna.
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18 May 15
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self-identity
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self-identity
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behavior
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determined
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influenced
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tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities
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from standard cultural norms.
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changes
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stigma
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powerfully
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He was the first to suggest that deviant labeling satisfies that function and satisfies society's need to control the behavior.
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the self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community
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people obtain labels from how others view their tendencies or behaviors.
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More socially representative individuals such as police officers or judges may be able to make more globally respected judgments. I
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treat the person differently
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The more differential the treatment, the more the individual's self-image is affected.
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deviant roles, stigmatic roles, or social stigma.
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deviant roles powerfully affect how we perceive those who are assigned those roles
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They also affect how the deviant actor perceives himself and his relationship to society
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Society uses these stigmatic roles to them to control and limit deviant behavior:
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Whether a breach of a given rule will be stigmatized will depend on the significance of the moral or other tenet it represents. For example, adultery may be considered a breach of an informal rule or it may be criminalized depending on the status of marriage, morality, and religion within the community. In most Western countries, adultery is not a crime. Attaching the label "adulterer" may have some unfortunate consequences but they are not generally severe. But in some Islamic countries, zina is a crime and proof of extramarital activity may lead to severe consequences for all concerned.
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While the criminal differs little or not at all from others in the original impulse to first commit a crime, social interaction accounts for continued acts that develop a pattern of interest to sociologists.
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t Edwin Lemert (1951) who introduced the concept of "secondary deviance.
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Secondary deviation is the role created to deal with society's condemnation of the behavior
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one's own identity and the justification for the behavior: "I do these things because I am this way."
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The acts of authorities in outlawing a proscribed behavior can have two effects, keeping most out of the behavior, but also offering new opportunities for creating deviant identities.
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03 Mar 15
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Labeling theory had its origins in Suicide, a book by French sociologist Émile Durkheim. He found that crime is not so much a violation of a penal code as it is an act that outrages society. He was the first to suggest that deviant labeling satisfies that function and satisfies society's need to control the behavior.
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eviant role in a study of dance musicians
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19 Nov 14
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crime is not so much a violation of a penal code as it is an act that outrages society.
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the self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community.
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If deviance is a failure to conform to the rules observed by most of the group, the reaction of the group is to label the person as having offended against their social or moral norms of behavio
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power of the group: to designate breaches of their rules as deviant and to treat the person differently depending on the seriousness of the breach
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06 Dec 13
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31 Jan 12
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He later studied the identity formation of marijuana smokers. This study was the basis of his Outsiders published in 1963. This work became the manifesto of the labeling theory movement among sociologists. In his opening, Becker writes:
- "...social groups create deviance by making rules whose infraction creates deviance, and by applying those roles to particular people and labeling them as outsiders. From this point of view, deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by other of rules and sanctions to an 'offender.' The deviant is one to whom that label has been successfully applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label."[8]
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Albert Memmi
In The Colonizer and the Colonized (1965) Albert Memmi described the deep psychological effects of the social stigma created by the domination of one group by another. He wrote:
- "The longer the oppression lasts, the more profoundly it affects him (the oppressed). It ends by becoming so familiar to him that he believes it is part of his own constitution, that he accepts it and could not imagine his recovery from it. This acceptance is the crowning point of oppression."[12]
In Dominated Man (1968), Memmi turned his attention to the motivation of stigmatic labeling: it justifies the exploitation or criminalization of the victim. He wrote:
- "Why does the accuser feel obliged to accuse in order to justify himself? Because he feels guilty toward his victim. Because he feels that his attitude and his behavior are essentially unjust and fraudulent....Proof? In almost every case, the punishment has already been inflicted. The victim of racism is already living under the weight of disgrace and oppression.... In order to justify such punishment and misfortune, a process of rationlization is set in motion, by which to explain the ghetto and colonial exploitation."[13]
Central to stigmatic labeling is the attribution of an inherent fault: It is as if one says, "There must be something wrong with these people. Otherwise, why would we treat them so badly?"
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13 May 10
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20 Dec 09
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13 Aug 09
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self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community. Each individual is aware of how they are judged by others because he or she has attempted many different roles and functions in social interactions and has been able to gauge the reactions of those present. This theoretically builds a subjective conception of the self, but as others intrude into the reality of that individual's life, this represents objective data which may require a re-evaluation of that conception depending on the authoritativeness of the others' judgment.
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25 Sep 08
evgeny yauhenioOriginating in sociology and criminology, labeling theory (also known as social reaction theory) focuses on the linguistic tendency of majorities to negatively label minorities or those seen as deviant from norms. The theory is concerned with how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them, and is associated with the concept of a self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping. The theory was prominent in the 1960s and 1970s, and some modified versions of the theory have developed. Unwanted descriptors or categorizations (including terms related to deviance, disability or a diagnosis of mental illness) may be rejected on the basis that they are merely "labels", often with attempts to adopt a more constructive language in its place...////
Labeling theory has also been applied to the term "mentally ill". This was first done in 1966 when Thomas Scheff published Being Mentally Ill. Scheff challenged common perceptions of mental illness by claiming that mental illness is manifested solely as a result of societal influence. He argued that society views certain actions as deviant and, in order to come to terms with and understand these actions, often places the label of mental illness on those who exhibit them. Certain expectations are then placed on these individuals and, over time, they unconsciously change their behavior to fulfill them. Criteria for different mental illnesses are not consistently filled by those who are diagnosed with them because all of these people suffer from the same disorder, they are simply fulfilled because the "mentally ill" believe they are supposed to act a certain way so, over time, come to do so. -
23 May 08
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26 Feb 08
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labels applied to individuals influence their behavior,
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self is socially constructed and reconstructed through the interactions which each person has with the community
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his is the power of the group: to designate breaches of their rules as deviant
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29 Jan 08
Mike Stenhousethe theory hypothesizes that the labels applied to individuals influence their behavior
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