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Infants in their first months do not discriminate regarding from whom they will accept care, biological parent, young, old, or otherwise. The particular patterns of caregiving arrangements vary greatly across human cultures, and the infant attachment system has the flexibility to adapt to all these patterns.[25]
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When an infant is upset by separation from their caregiver, this indicates that the bond no longer depends on the presence of the caregiver, but is of an enduring nature.[8]
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Bowlby's original sensitivity period of between six months and two to three years has been modified to a less "all or nothing" approach. There is a sensitive period during which it is highly desirable that selective attachments develop, but the time frame is broader and the effect less fixed and irreversible than first proposed. With further research, authors discussing attachment theory have come to appreciate that social development is affected by later as well as earlier relationships.[7]
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Early steps in attachment take place most easily if the infant has one caregiver, or the occasional care of a small number of other people.[24]
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These figures are not treated alike; there is a strong bias for a child to direct attachment behaviour mainly toward one particular person.
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Bowlby used the term "monotropy" to describe this bias.[26] Researchers and theorists have abandoned this concept insofar as it may be taken to mean that the relationship with the special figure differs qualitatively from that of other figures. Rather, current thinking postulates definite hierarchies of relationships.[7][27]
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Early experiences with caregivers gradually give rise to a system of thoughts, memories, beliefs, expectations, emotions, and behaviours about the self and others. This system, called the "internal working model of social relationships", continues to develop with time and experience.[28] Internal models regulate, interpret, and predict attachment-related behaviour in the self and the attachment figure.
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Alexis MortonThe Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget is a bipartisan, non-profit organization committed to educating the public about issues that have significant fiscal policy impact. The Committee is made up of some of the nation's leading budget experts incl
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