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The mind forms associations almost instantaneously, and the mind map approach helps students quickly relate a central word or concept to other pieces of information. A mind map makes information more meaningful than if it were just memorized because, like concept maps, it places the information in the context of existing knowledge.
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Grounded in learning theory and research, concept maps and mind maps are based primarily on the learning theories of cognitive psychologists, specifically David Ausubel's assimilation theory2 and James Deese's associationist theory.3
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According to Ausubel, "The most important single factor influencing learning is what the learner already knows." Thus, meaningful learning results when a student relates new knowledge or information to what he or she already knows (existing knowledge).
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Ausubel contrasted meaningful learning to rote learning, which occurs when a student simply memorizes information with no attempt to relate that information to prior learned knowledge. The new information is easily forgotten and not easily applied to problem-solving situations because it was not linked to concepts already learned.
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Meaningful learning anchors new ideas or concepts with previously acquired knowledge in a nonarbitrary way.4 The associationist theory states that memory consists of a network of concepts that is not hierarchical despite being supportive of hierarchies. Relationships between concepts form naturally when two concepts overlap on some dimension. As learning occurs, this network of concepts and relationships becomes more and more complex. Regardless of the theory behind it, a concept map helps represent ideas in a way that models an individual's cognitive structure.5
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