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Learning styles classify different ways people learn and how they approach information.
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When these learners can match the way they approach information with the way they learn, they see dramatic improvements in understanding, meaning making, self-image, and for students — grades.
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Learning style assessments provide you an opportunity to learn how you are likely to respond under different circumstances and how to approach information in a way that best addresses your own particular needs.
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The learning styles assessments I find most helpful examine how you take in information through your senses. Researchers call these sorts of assessments “perceptual modality assessments.” They look at how you see, hear, feel, and move through the world. Those perceptions deeply affect your ability to learn. Whether you tend to rely more or less on one sense than another has a tremendous influence on how you interpret new experiences and succeed in whatever you work with each day. Take a perceptual modality assessment now.
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Howard Gardner asserts there are at least seven modalities (referred to as intelligences) that can be used to describe your individual style.
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- Verbal-linguistic: sensitive to the meaning and order of words
- Musical: sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone
- Logical-mathematical: Able to handle chains of reasoning and recognize patterns and order
- Spatial: perceive the world accurately and try to re-create or transform aspects of that world
- Bodily-kinesthetic: able to use the body skillfully and handle objects adroitly
- Interpersonal: understand people and relationships
- Intrapersonal: possess access to one's emotional life as a means to understand oneself and others.
This work suggests people can be:
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According to Anthony Gregorc, there are four basic learning styles. Gregorc's Mind Styles model categorizes learners as Concrete Sequential (CS), Abstract Sequential (AS) Abstract Random (AR) and Concrete Random (CR).
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- Concrete Sequential (CS) learners are hardworking, conventional, accurate, stable, dependable, consistent, factual, and organized.
- Abstract Sequential (AS) learners are analytic, objective, knowledgeable, thorough, structured, logical, deliberate, and systematic.
- Abstract Random (AR) learners are sensitive, compassionate, perceptive, imaginative, idealistic, sentimental, spontaneous, and flexible.
- Concrete Random (CR) learners are quick, intuitive, curious, realistic, creative, innovative, instinctive, adventurous.
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- Type 1 (concrete, reflective). A characteristic question of this learning type is "Why?" Type 1 learners respond well to explanations of how course material relates to their experience, their interests, and their future careers. To be effective with Type 1 students, the instructor should function as a motivator.
- Type 2 (abstract, reflective). A characteristic question of this learning type is "What?" Type 2 learners respond to information presented in an organized, logical fashion and benefit if they have time for reflection. To be effective, the instructor should function as an expert.
- Type 3 (abstract, active). A characteristic question of this learning type is "How?" Type 3 learners respond to having opportunities to work actively on well-defined tasks and to learn by trial-and-error in an environment that allows them to fail safely. To be effective, the instructor should function as a coach, providing guided practice and feedback.
- Type 4 (concrete, active). A characteristic question of this learning type is "What if?" Type 4 learners like applying course material in new situations to solve real problems. To be effective, the instructor should stay out of the way, maximizing opportunities for the students to discover things for themselves.
David Kolb's Learning Style Model classifies learners as having a preference for 1) concrete experience or abstract conceptualization (how they take information in), and 2) active experimentation or reflective observation (how they internalize information).
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These fall into general categories such as information processing, personality patterns, and social interaction.
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Information processing distinguishes between the way you sense, think, solve problems, and remember information.
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You have a preferred, consistent, distinct way of perceiving, organizing, and retaining information.
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Personality patterns focus on attention, emotion, and values. Understanding these differences allows you to predict the way you'll react and feel about different situations.
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Social interaction looks at likely attitudes, habits, and strategies learners will take toward their work and how they engage with their peers when they learn. Some learners are independent, dependent, collaborative, competitive, participant, and avoidant.
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Perceptual Modalities
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- Verbal-linguistic: sensitive to the meaning and order of words
- Musical: sensitive to pitch, melody, rhythm, and tone
- Logical-mathematical: Able to handle chains of reasoning and recognize patterns and order
- Spatial: perceive the world accurately and try to re-create or transform aspects of that world
- Bodily-kinesthetic: able to use the body skillfully and handle objects adroitly
- Interpersonal: understand people and relationships
- Intrapersonal: possess access to one's emotional life as a means to understand oneself and others.
This work suggests people can be:
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Learning Styles Indicator
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Myers-Briggs
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